Thursday, October 31, 2019

Case study/ final paper Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

/ final paper - Case Study Example Integrative approach however involves parties to a conflict in developing solution to a problem rather than seeking a decision while attitudinal structuring is a social based approach that aims at changing people’s behaviors in a set up and intraoganizational bargaining defines extensive discussion within an organizational framework. Either aspect of the theory therefore undermines summery dismissal without a defense opportunity. Another applicable theory to both parties is the contract theory that provides for legality of relationships based on terms and actions rather than intentions of parties to an agreement. It therefore has a legal basis for protecting parties interests (Miller and Jents 497; Denisi and Griffin 330). Initial jurisdiction of the case rests with the industrial court. The contract theory will prevail over the Behavioral theory of labor negotiations because of its foundations from common law that is a recognized source of law while the Behavioral theory of labor negotiations is a secondary approach to the judicial system. I would advise Fred that his action has legal consequences and recommend a favorable resolution outside court before Wilma seeks a legal address. His reference to payback and the mode of expression that communicated intense anger together with slamming of the door identifies apprehension to danger, amounting to tort of assault. A resolution outside the legal framework may therefore reduce or mitigate the possible consequences of Fred’s action if Wilma agrees to forgive him (Miller and Jentz 87). We are interested in recruiting Mr./Mrs. X (Name of applicant) for an important position in our organization, he/she has named you as a referee and we would wish gain the following information from you. The additional information on the applicant’s alcoholism does not change the proposed plan because the condition can be managed by a strong organizational culture. The search committee should be keen on

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Social Psychology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Social Psychology - Assignment Example Second, when I was in my college, my mother once asked me to clean up my cupboards and bookshelves and I would delay the task out of my laziness. After some days, when I finally decided to obey, I emptied my cupboards only to find out that my favorite T-shirt, which I had bought with my own pocket money for the farewell party, had been eaten up by insects! How I wished I had listened to my mom. Third, on a serious note, my mother stopped me from being too submissive to my fiancà ©, but I did not listen to her. I would listen to my fiancà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s crappy things he talked about my parents but could not do anything because I was too much involved. He took advantage and defeated me psychologically. After months, I found out that a person does not get respect from anybody if he does not respect himself. By definition, â€Å"counterfactuals are mental representations of alternatives to the past and produce consequences that are both beneficial and aversive to the individual† (Roese, 1997, p. 133). The three events I mentioned relate to upward counterfactual thinking. I could have said no to my friend who asked me for combined study and that would have led to my staying at home and studying properly for a high grade. Here, I am thinking about a better consequence that would have resulted if I had altered my action and had come up with a better decision. Again, if I had listened to my mom about cleaning up my cupboard, I could have saved my favorite T-shirt. Once again, a better result could have achieved by altering my action. Also, if I had listened to my mom about not letting my fiancà © say abusive things about my family, I could have succeeded in gaining a respectful place in my his eyes and could have made him respect me. I could have saved the relationship by pondering deeply upon the facts of life. The regrets I described are â€Å"feelings† while these counterfactuals are

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Polaris Human Trafficking Organisation

Polaris Human Trafficking Organisation Polaris is NGO whose soul motto is to stop human trafficking and slavery. The organization helps those who are victims of human trafficking and provide them legal help. Polaris is also one of the anti-trafficking organization in the united states. Headquarters of Polaris is in Washington, DC; and also operates from Newark, New Jersey. They also control the National Human Trafficking Resource Centre (NHTRC) which is the countries hotline for human trafficking. Polaris also allows it data to be used by other NGOs such as International Justice Mission Truckers against Trafficking. Polaris hase taken few steps and has some initiatives to help the victims of Human Sex trafficking: Global Safety Net Polaris collaborates with border forces of countries to prevent illegal and cross border development in human trafficking Temporary Visas Polaris helps the victims of human trafficking attain temporary visa to help them travel to their home country safely. Hotels Polaris engages in the hotel industry and identifies the human trafficking activities in the hotel industries. According to Polaris hotel are most common venues for sex trafficking. Polaris supports almost all the laws that help get justice to the victims of human trafficking. They have a specific set of priorities regarding their policies: Run away and Homeless Youth and Trafficking Prevention Act. This act focusses in prevent the crime before if happens. They make sure that the government take all possible step and provide basic necessities to homeless youth Supply Chain Transparency. The Business Supply Chain Transparency on Trafficking and Slavery Act of 2015 (H.R. 3226 and S.1968) makes sure that all the business have a transparency in their supply chain and the decisions they make for their labor force in the supply chain. Prioritizing the strategic action plan. Polaris ensure that the victims of human trafficking are given justice on time and also makes sure that all the agencies are working together effectively. Polaris is also partnered with The Alliance to End Slavery and Trafficking (ATEST) which a US based collaboration of 14 NGOs that fights against human trafficking and sex trafficking and provide justice to the victims. Polaris is a NGO who is focused only in aiding and proving justice to the people who are the victim of Human Trafficking, so they take the help of every last law to provide the justice. There is no law they oppose as there is no law that allows or supports crimes like human trafficking, so theres no such law (according to my research) that Polaris should appose. NGOs such as Polaris who fights human trafficking may impact business a lot, businessmen indulge in human trafficking to lower their employee cost and increase their profits. In some case victims of human trafficking are not paid at all. So NGOs like Polaris would not only stop trafficking but also help the victims to get justice and punish the guilty, which inturn would affect the business scenario. Though, the affect would not be good for the business but it would, definitely be good according the Natural Law (humanity). Human trafficking is a very serious topic in today world as it no long legal but is still practiced in some parts of the country. Polaris along with the federal government make sure that all the aspect of human traffic is covered by creating new law without leaving any loop holes. Polaris in its web site mentioned Polaris works to ensure that the U.S. government prioritizes efforts to eradicate all forms of human trafficking and protect victims of this crime at home and abroad. We build government support for promising practices in our field, including anti-trafficking hotlines, the development of data standards and data-sharing, and protection policies for victims and vulnerable populations. to which Polaris is very much dedicated. To do so Polaris has helped create laws relate o trafficking with are very affective in tacking the issue in the United States. Traffic victims protection reauthorization act 2003, 2005, 2008 2013 is a law to which has Polaris contributed. Another legislative law to which Polaris influenced is the safe harbor law, which provides protection to children who area victim of child labor, human trafficking of children and sex trafficking. Polaris does what it takes to influence the legislative process (the reason it is one of the largest human trafficking NGO in U.S.) and help wipe human trafficking and crimes related to it once and for all. Polaris also mentioned on its website that Our public policy focus drives legal and regulatory changes that enable the United States and international governments to better protect victim populations, reduce worker vulnerability, increase support to survivors and increase human trafficking investigations. According to Polaris; South Dakota, North Dakota, Colorado, Utah, Arizona and few states in the east U.S. lack few aspect in fighting human trafficking (2013), either due to high activity in trafficking or laws supporting trafficking. Their aim is to help reduce these statistics in the next 3 year. But Polariss aim is to need complete the task in less than 3 years as they believe that the more time it takes the more people suffer and Polaris will continue support the victims whenever they need them. Mind map: Polaris helps human trafficking victims to travel to their country safely buy helping get temporary visas. To do so, Polaris must become an intermediary between the international laws of the other country and the American federal law. Polaris has to follow certain international laws in order to send the victims to their home country. References Polaris. (2016, March 1). Policy priorities. Retrieved February 21, 2017, from Polaris Project, https://polarisproject.org/policy-priorities Polaris. (2016, February 23). Policy legislation. Retrieved February 21, 2017, from https://polarisproject.org/policy-legislation

Friday, October 25, 2019

Character of Stanley Kowalski in Tennessee Williams A Streetcar Essay

The Character of Stanley in A Streetcar Named Desire   Ã‚  Ã‚   Animals are, by nature, passionately instinctive; that is, when reacting to a situation, they do so forcefully and spontaneously. Therefore, we can think of passionate instinct as an intense, innate reaction to a particular situation. Animals also lack what we call ‘inhibition’ -- the suppression of a natural drive, instinct or feeling. For instance, when a skunk senses danger, it will not restrain its natural, defensive reaction and will not hesitate to spray a foul-smelling substance in the direction of the danger for self-protection. When cattle sense a threat to their environment, they do not try to rationalize their way to safety -- they stampede. If a bull’s passions are aroused, it will either charge or mate with the nearest cow.    Passionate instinct drives us, as well. Although we often try to reason our way through situations as civilized, rational beings should, there is sometimes a point where we can no longer be controlled by reason. This point often comes when we feel some strong emotion, and our rational halves become shadowed by our darker, instinctive sides. We often conceal this darker half because the instinct, which is so much a part of it, may lead to violence when released. It appears that the very idea of being ruled by instinct has become distasteful; people who use their instincts to get through a situation are often labeled as being ‘unpredictable’, ‘maverick’, and ‘dangerous’. Although we consider ourselves to be civilized, we were once a race ruled by instinct -- and still are, to some extent.    A man’s instinct can also reach the point where it nearly drowns his ‘civilized’ side, as in the case of Stanley Kowalski. In A St... ...that cannot be prevented. However, if mankind does manage to squelch all inhibitions and allow his actions to be ruled by instinct alone, then humanity’s tenuous hold on civility will be loosened and the results could be catastrophic. Works Cited Adler, Thomas P.   A Streetcar Named Desire: The Moth and the Lantern.   New York: Twayne, 1990. Brownmiller, Susan. Against Our Will. New York: Bantam Books, 1975. Dworkin, Andrea. Intercourse. New York: The Free Press, 1087 Lant, Kathleen Margaret. "A Streetcar Named Misogyny." pp. 225-238 in REDMOND. Miller, Jordan.   Twentieth Century Interpretations of a Streetcar Named Desire: a collection of critical essays.   New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1971. Redmond, James (Editor). Violence in Drama. Cambridge University Press; 1991.   Williams, Tennessee. A Streetcar Named Desire. Signet: New York, 1947.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

God and Godlike Humans in the Bible and Iliad

The Position of Gods and God The characterization of individuals through specific and repeated character descriptions are consistent with social norms and create binding values associated each character. In the Iliad, which can be considered the primary religious text of antiquity, godly epithets are used to accompany characters with dominant abilities. The Bible also features consistent divine descriptions throughout the various writings.By regularly featuring characters with â€Å"godlike† descriptions, Homer’s language defines the humanity and position of the Greek gods, creating a sharp distinction from the descriptive writing in the Bible that defines the unreachable position of the monotheistic God. Although the gods of the Iliad and the God of Genesis are similar in their interaction with mortals, the usage and nature of divine language in character descriptions, along with the ability for a mortal to attain â€Å"godlike† status, are remarkably different. Throughout the Iliad, Homer pays respect to soldiers by mentioning their name with various adjacent positive qualities. In the first book of the Iliad, â€Å"godlike Polyphemous† is introduced among a list of noteworthy soldiers (Iliad 1:264). Although Polyphemous is an unfamiliar character that is not central to the action, Homer wholly compares him to a god. The pairing of this godly term with such an insignificant character represents how divine status is obtainable for mortals, especially because Homer does not provide an explanation as to how Polyphemous achieved this status.Within this same listing of soldiers, Theseus is also mentioned as being â€Å"in the likeness of the immortals† (Iliad 1:265). While this phrase exemplifies noteworthy status in the gods’ perspective, it is distinctively different than being compared to the gods. Homer, therefore, employs specific language to carefully present a difference in how characters can either be in the likenes s of the gods or completely similar to them. Homer frequents divine descriptions when mentioning soldiers, noting how numerous men have ascended into a role similar to a god simply by heroic accomplishments or physical attributes.For example, Homer describes Idomeneus â€Å"like a god standing† and â€Å"Akamas, beauteous as god† (Iliad 2:230, 11:60). This divine language not only portrays the importance of both soldiers and physical prowess in society, but also represents how mortals can bridge the gap between the divine and the earthly by possessing superior ability or physical features. In book 5 of the Iliad as Diomedes is preparing for battle, Homer provides an anecdote of Eurypylos, who was â€Å"honored about the countryside as a god is† due to his victory in battle (Iliad, 5:78).By mentioning this story and specific language before a battle scene, Homer demonstrates to the reader that Diomedes, or any character, can achieve godlike standing by winning a significant battle. Warfare, which is an integral aspect of society in the Iliad, also plays an important role in the Old Testament. In the book of Genesis, the writers mention Nimrod as the â€Å"first on earth to become a mighty man† (Genesis 10:8).Similar to the large amount of soldiers mentioned in the Iliad, Nimrod achieves recognition for his violent skills and physicality. However, Nimrod is purposely introduced as a â€Å"hunter before the lord† (Genesis 10:10). Rather than comparing Nimrod to God because of his skill, the writers of Genesis portray his skill as being devoted to the lord. Although Homer would have confidently considered Nimrod godlike, this language displays how the writers of Genesis believed that superiority in skill does not create a godlike mortal.Rather, excellent ability is practiced in honor of the lord and fulfilled in accordance with God’s desires. Odysseus, the skilled speaker and warrior, is consistently featured in the Iliad with godlike qualities. For example, he is titled â€Å"godlike† while motivating the Greek soldiers before battle (Iliad 2:335). This specific account not only displays how possessing a superior talent is considered a godlike quality, but also how reputation and fame grant worthy comparison to the gods.Odysseus became well known during the Trojan War because of his profound ability to speak, giving him the opportunity to encourage thousands of soldiers who â€Å"cried out† and offered â€Å"applause† in honor and respect (Iliad 2:335). Homer’s language in this scene displays that famous and recognizable mortals are comparable to the gods, who are the most identifiable characters in antiquity. Because citizens of Greece admire Odysseus’ skill and knew his name just as if it were a god’s, Homer considers him to be godlike.Hector, another distinguished soldier known throughout Greece, is the most notable example of immortal characterization. P resented as â€Å"equal of Zeus in counsel,† Homer portrays Hector as being wholly comparable to Zeus, the most significant of the gods (Iliad 7:47). This language blatantly proclaims that Hector, one of the most idolized mortals, is equally advisable as Zeus, the most idolized god. Because Helen is the speaker, the reader gains an understanding into the analogous value of both Hector and Zeus from a mortal’s perspective.Abraham, one of the most prominent mortals in the book of Genesis, is the patriarch of the Israelites, serving as the liaison between God and his people. Abraham achieved his fame and status through defeating challenges and personal displays of righteousness, but the writers of Genesis do not consider him to be godlike. Rather, Abraham is considered â€Å"blessed by God most high† (Genesis 14:19). The highest achievement for mortals in Genesis is not to be considered godlike, but only to be fortunate under the direction of God’s desires.T his language proves that God not only provides success and preeminence, but also deserves honor from those he has provided for. Although similar to Odysseus and Hector in status, Abraham’s significance does not make him godlike. The writers of Genesis viewed his prestige and position as a gift from the unreachable God. Although mortals never deliberately strive to mimic the gods in the Iliad, Homer employs divine language to present how superiority in skill, physicality, and fame give mortals godly status.In the Old Testament, mortals such as Abraham, who live according to God’s commands and therefore impersonate his heavenly characteristics, are never able to elevate to godlike status. Although both the Olympian gods and God present humanlike qualities and interact with mortal characters, the position of God’s status remains unreachable. The usage and nature of divine language in character descriptions may help explain why the Iliad is now historically consider ed mythology and the Bible stills remains a religious text.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

A Game of Thrones Chapter Forty-four

Sansa He wouldn't send Ser Loras,† Sansa told Jeyne Poole that night as they shared a cold supper by lamplight. â€Å"I think it was because of his leg.† Lord Eddard had taken his supper in his bedchamber with Alyn, Harwin, and Vayon Poole, the better to rest his broken leg, and Septa Mordane had complained of sore feet after standing in the gallery all day. Arya was supposed to join them, but she was late coming back from her dancing lesson. â€Å"His leg?† Jeyne said uncertainly. She was a pretty, dark-haired girl of Sansa's own age. â€Å"Did Ser Loras hurt his leg?† â€Å"Not his leg,† Sansa said, nibbling delicately at a chicken leg. â€Å"Father's leg, silly. It hurts him ever so much, it makes him cross. Otherwise I'm certain he would have sent Ser Loras.† Her father's decision still bewildered her. When the Knight of Flowers had spoken up, she'd been sure she was about to see one of Old Nan's stories come to life. Ser Gregor was the monster and Ser Loras the true hero who would slay him. He even looked a true hero, so slim and beautiful, with golden roses around his slender waist and his rich brown hair tumbling down into his eyes. And then Father had refused him! It had upset her more than she could tell. She had said as much to Septa Mordane as they descended the stairs from the gallery, but the septa had only told her it was not her place to question her lord father's decisions. That was when Lord Baelish had said, â€Å"Oh, I don't know, Septa. Some of her lord father's decisions could do with a bit of questioning. The young lady is as wise as she is lovely.† He made a sweeping bow to Sansa, so deep she was not quite sure if she was being complimented or mocked. Septa Mordane had been very upset to realize that Lord Baelish had overheard them. â€Å"The girl was just talking, my lord,† she'd said. â€Å"Foolish chatter. She meant nothing by the comment.† Lord Baelish stroked his little pointed beard and said, â€Å"Nothing? Tell me, child, why would you have sent Ser Loras?† Sansa had no choice but to explain about heroes and monsters. The king's councillor smiled. â€Å"Well, those are not the reasons I'd have given, but . . . † He had touched her cheek, his thumb lightly tracing the line of a cheekbone. â€Å"Life is not a song, sweetling. You may learn that one day to your sorrow.† Sansa did not feel like telling all that to Jeyne, however; it made her uneasy just to think back on it. â€Å"Ser Ilyn's the King's Justice, not Ser Loras,† Jcyne said. â€Å"Lord Eddard should have sent him.† Sansa shuddered. Every time she looked at Ser Ilyn Payne, she shivered. He made her feel as though something dead were slithering over her naked skin. â€Å"Ser Ilyn's almost like a second monster. I'm glad Father didn't pick him.† â€Å"Lord Beric is as much a hero as Ser Loras. He's ever so brave and gallant.† â€Å"I suppose,† Sansa said doubtfully. Beric Dondarrion was handsome enough, but he was awfully old, almost twenty-two; the Knight of Flowers would have been much better. Of course, Jeyne had been in love with Lord Beric ever since she had first glimpsed him in the lists. Sansa thought she was being silly; Jeyne was only a steward's daughter, after all, and no matter how much she mooned after him, Lord Beric would never look at someone so far beneath him, even if she hadn't been half his age. It would have been unkind to say so, however, so Sansa took a sip of milk and changed the subject. â€Å"I had a dream that Joffrey would be the one to take the white hart,† she said. It had been more of a wish, actually, but it sounded better to call it a dream. Everyone knew that dreams were prophetic. White harts were supposed to be very rare and magical, and in her heart she knew her gallant prince was worthier than his drunken father. â€Å"A dream? Truly? Did Prince Joffrey just go up to it and touch it with his bare hand and do it no harm?† â€Å"No,† Sansa said. â€Å"He shot it with a golden arrow and brought it back for me.† In the songs, the knights never killed magical beasts, they just went up to them and touched them and did them no harm, but she knew Joffrey liked hunting, especially the killing part. Only animals, though. Sansa was certain her prince had no part in murdering Jory and those other poor men; that had been his wicked uncle, the Kingslayer. She knew her father was still angry about that, but it wasn't fair to blame Joff. That would be like blaming her for something that Arya had done. â€Å"I saw your sister this afternoon,† Jeyne blurted out, as if she'd been reading Sansa's thoughts. â€Å"She was walking through the stables on her hands. Why would she do a thing like that?† â€Å"I'm sure I don't know why Arya does anything.† Sansa hated stables, smelly places full of manure and flies. Even when she went riding, she liked the boy to saddle the horse and bring it to her in the yard. â€Å"Do you want to hear about the court or not?† â€Å"I do,† Jeyne said. â€Å"There was a black brother,† Sansa said, â€Å"begging men for the Wall, only he was kind of old and smelly.† She hadn't liked that at all. She had always imagined the Night's Watch to be men like Uncle Benjen. In the songs, they were called the black knights of the Wall. But this man had been crookbacked and hideous, and he looked as though he might have lice. If this was what the Night's Watch was truly like, she felt sorry for her bastard half brother, Jon. â€Å"Father asked if there were any knights in the hall who would do honor to their houses by taking the black, but no one came forward, so he gave this Yoren his pick of the king's dungeons and sent him on his way. And later these two brothers came before him, freeriders from the Dornish Marches, and pledged their swords to the service of the king. Father accepted their oaths . . . â€Å" Jeyne yawned. â€Å"Are there any lemon cakes?† Sansa did not like being interrupted, but she had to admit, lemon cakes sounded more interesting than most of what had gone on in the throne room. â€Å"Let's see,† she said. The kitchen yielded no lemon cakes, but they did find half of a cold strawberry pie, and that was almost as good. They ate it on the tower steps, giggling and gossiping and sharing secrets, and Sansa went to bed that night feeling almost as wicked as Arya. The next morning she woke before first light and crept sleepily to her window to watch Lord Beric form up his men. They rode out as dawn was breaking over the city, with three banners going before them; the crowned stag of the king flew from the high staff, the direwolf of Stark and Lord Beric's own forked lightning standard from shorter poles. It was all so exciting, a song come to life; the clatter of swords, the flicker of torchlight, banners dancing in the wind, horses snorting and whinnying, the golden glow of sunrise slanting through the bars of the portcullis as it jerked upward. The Winterfell men looked especially fine in their silvery mail and long grey cloaks. Alyn carried the Stark banner. When she saw him rein in beside Lord Beric to exchange words, it made Sansa feel ever so proud. Alyn was handsomer than Jory had been; he was going to be a knight one day. The Tower of the Hand seemed so empty after they left that Sansa was even pleased to see Arya when she went down to break her fast. â€Å"Where is everyone?† her sister wanted to know as she ripped the skin from a blood orange. â€Å"Did Father send them to hunt down Jaime Lannister?† Sansa sighed. â€Å"They rode with Lord Beric, to behead Ser Gregor Clegane.† She turned to Septa Mordane, who was eating porridge with a wooden spoon. â€Å"Septa, will Lord Beric spike Ser Gregor's head on his own gate or bring it back here for the king?† She and Jeyne Poole had been arguing over that last night. The septa was horror-struck. â€Å"A lady does not discuss such things over her porridge. Where are your courtesies, Sansa? I swear, of late you've been near as bad as your sister.† â€Å"What did Gregor do?† Arya asked. â€Å"He burned down a holdfast and murdered a lot of people, women and children too.† Arya screwed up her face in a scowl. â€Å"Jaime Lannister murdered Jory and Heward and Wyl, and the Hound murdered Mycah. Somebody should have beheaded them.† â€Å"It's not the same,† Sansa said. â€Å"The Hound is Joffrey's sworn shield. Your butcher's boy attacked the prince.† â€Å"Liar,† Arya said. Her hand clenched the blood orange so hard that red juice oozed between her fingers. â€Å"Go ahead, call me all the names you want,† Sansa said airily. â€Å"You won't dare when I'm married to Joffrey. You'll have to bow to me and call me Your Grace.† She shrieked as Arya flung the orange across the table. It caught her in the middle of the forehead with a wet squish and plopped down into her lap. â€Å"You have juice on your face, Your Grace,† Arya said. It was running down her nose and stinging her eyes. Sansa wiped it away with a napkin. When she saw what the fruit in her lap had done to her beautiful ivory silk dress, she shrieked again. â€Å"You're horrible,† she screamed at her sister. â€Å"They should have killed you instead of Lady!† Septa Mordane came lurching to her feet. â€Å"Your lord father will hear of this! Go to your chambers, at once. At once!† â€Å"Me too?† Tears welled in Sansa's eyes. â€Å"That's not fair.† â€Å"The matter is not subject to discussion. Go!† Sansa stalked away with her head up. She was to be a queen, and queens did not cry. At least not where people could see. When she reached her bedchamber, she barred the door and took off her dress. The blood orange had left a blotchy red stain on the silk. â€Å"I hate her!† she screamed. She balled up the dress and flung it into the cold hearth, on top of the ashes of last night's fire. When she saw that the stain had bled through onto her underskirt, she began to sob despite herself. She ripped off the rest of her clothes wildly, threw herself into bed, and cried herself back to sleep. It was midday when Septa Mordane knocked upon her door. â€Å"Sansa. Your lord father will see you now.† Sansa sat up. â€Å"Lady,† she whispered. For a moment it was as if the direwolf was there in the room, looking at her with those golden eyes, sad and knowing. She had been dreaming, she realized. Lady was with her, and they were running together, and . . . and . . . trying to remember was like trying to catch the rain with her fingers. The dream faded, and Lady was dead again. â€Å"Sansa.† The rap came again, sharply. â€Å"Do you hear me?† â€Å"Yes, Septa,† she called out. â€Å"Might I have a moment to dress, please?† Her eyes were red from crying, but she did her best to make herself beautiful. Lord Eddard was bent over a huge leather-bound book when Septa Mordane marched her into the solar, his plaster-wrapped leg stiff beneath the table. â€Å"Come here, Sansa,† he said, not unkindly, when the septa had gone for her sister. â€Å"Sit beside me.† He closed the book. Septa Mordane returned with Arya squirming in her grasp. Sansa had put on a lovely pale green damask gown and a look of remorse, but her sister was still wearing the ratty leathers and roughspun she'd worn at breakfast. â€Å"Here is the other one,† the septa announced. â€Å"My thanks, Septa Mordane. I would talk to my daughters alone, if you would be so kind.† The septa bowed and left. â€Å"Arya started it,† Sansa said quickly, anxious to have the first word. â€Å"She called me a liar and threw an orange at me and spoiled my dress, the ivory silk, the one Queen Cersei gave me when I was betrothed to Prince Joffrey. She hates that I'm going to marry the prince. She tries to spoil everything, Father, she can't stand for anything to be beautiful or nice or splendid.† â€Å"Enough, Sansa.† Lord Eddard's voice was sharp with impatience. Arya raised her eyes. â€Å"I'm sorry, Father. I was wrong and I beg my sweet sister's forgiveness.† Sansa was so startled that for a moment she was speechless. Finally she found her voice. â€Å"What about my dress?† â€Å"Maybe . . . I could wash it,† Arya said doubtfully. â€Å"Washing won't do any good,† Sansa said. â€Å"Not if you scrubbed all day and all night. The silk is ruined.† â€Å"Then I'll . . . make you a new one,† Arya said. Sansa threw back her head in disdain. â€Å"You? You couldn't sew a dress fit to clean the pigsties.† Their father sighed. â€Å"I did not call you here to talk of dresses. I'm sending you both back to Winterfell.† For the second time Sansa found herself too stunned for words. She felt her eyes grow moist again. â€Å"You can't,† Arya said. â€Å"Please, Father,† Sansa managed at last. â€Å"Please don't.† Eddard Stark favored his daughters with a tired smile. â€Å"At last we've found something you agree on.† â€Å"I didn't do anything wrong,† Sansa pleaded with him. â€Å"I don't want to go back.† She loved Mng's Landing; the pagaentry of the court, the high lords and ladies in their velvets and silks and gemstones, the great city with all its people. The tournament had been the most magical time of her whole life, and there was so much she had not seen yet, harvest feasts and masked balls and mummer shows. She could not bear the thought of losing it all. â€Å"Send Arya away, she started it, Father, I swear it. I'll be good, you'll see, just let me stay and I promise to be as fine and noble and courteous as the queen.† Father's mouth twitched strangely. â€Å"Sansa, I'm not sending you away for fighting, though the gods know I'm sick of you two squabbling. I want you back in Winterfell for your own safety. Three of my men were cut down like dogs not a league from where we sit, and what does Robert do? He goes hunting.† Arya was chewing at her lip in that disgusting way she had. â€Å"Can we take Syrio back with us?† â€Å"Who cares about your stupid dancing master?† Sansa flared. â€Å"Father, I only just now remembered, I can't go away, I'm to marry Prince Joffrey.† She tried to smile bravely for him. â€Å"I love him, Father, I truly truly do, I love him as much as Queen Naerys loved Prince Aemon the Dragonknight, as much as Jonquil loved Ser Florian. I want to be his queen and have his babies.† â€Å"Sweet one,† her father said gently, â€Å"listen to me. When you're old enough, I will make you a match with a high lord who's worthy of you, someone brave and gentle and strong. This match with Joffrey was a terrible mistake. That boy is no Prince Aemon, you must believe me.† â€Å"He is!† Sansa insisted. â€Å"I don't want someone brave and gentle, I want him. We'll be ever so happy, just like in the songs, you'll see. I'll give him a son with golden hair, and one day he'll be the king of all the realm, the greatest king that ever was, as brave as the wolf and as proud as the lion.† Arya made a face. â€Å"Not if Joffrey's his father,† she said. â€Å"He's a liar and a craven and anyhow he's a stag, not a lion.† Sansa felt tears in her eyes. â€Å"He is not! He's not the least bit like that old drunken king,† she screamed at her sister, forgetting herself in her grief. Father looked at her strangely. â€Å"Gods,† he swore softly, â€Å"out of the mouth of babes . . . † He shouted for Septa Mordane. To the girls he said, â€Å"I am looking for a fast trading galley to take you home. These days, the sea is safer than the kingsroad. You will sail as soon as I can find a proper ship, with Septa Mordane and a complement of guards . . . and yes, with Syrio Forel, if he agrees to enter my service. But say nothing of this. It's better if no one knows of our plans. We'll talk again tomorrow.† Sansa cried as Septa Mordane marched them down the steps. They were going to take it all away; the tournaments and the court and her prince, everything, they were going to send her back to the bleak grey walls of Winterfell and lock her up forever. Her life was over before it had begun. â€Å"Stop that weeping, child,† Septa Mordane said sternly. â€Å"I am certain your lord father knows what is best for you.† â€Å"It won't be so bad, Sansa,† Arya said. â€Å"We're going to sail on a galley. It will be an adventure, and then we'll be with Bran and Robb again, and Old Nan and Hodor and the rest.† She touched her on the arm. â€Å"Hodor!† Sansa yelled. â€Å"You ought to marry Hodor, you're just like him, stupid and hairy and ugly!† She wrenched away from her sister's hand, stormed into her bedchamber, and barred the door behind her.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Attila the Hun at the Battle of Chalons

Attila the Hun at the Battle of Chalons The Battle of Chalons was fought during the Hunnic Invasions of Gaul in present-day France. Pitting Attila the Hun against Roman forces led by Flavius Aetius, the Battle of Chalons ended in a tactical draw but was a strategic victory for Rome. The victory at Chalons was one of the last achieved by the Western Roman Empire.​ Date The traditional date for the Battle of Chalons is June 20, 451. Some sources indicate that it may have been fought on September 20, 451. Armies Commanders Huns Attila the Hun30,000-50,000 men Romans Flavius AetiusTheodoric I30,000-50,000 men Battle of Chalons Summary In the years preceding 450, Roman control over Gaul and its other outlying provinces had grown weak. That year, Honoria, the sister, of Emperor Valentinian III, offered her hand in marriage to Attila the Hun with the promise that she would deliver half the Western Roman Empire as her dowry. Long a thorn in her brothers side, Honoria had earlier been married to Senator Herculanus in an effort to minimize her scheming. Accepting Honorias offer, Attila demanded that Valentinian deliver her to him. This was promptly refused and Attila began preparing for war. Attilas war planning was also encouraged by the Vandal king Gaiseric who wished to wage war on the Visigoths. Marching across the Rhine in early 451, Attila was joined by the Gepids and Ostrogoths. Through the first parts of the campaign, Attilas men sacked town after town including Strasbourg, Metz, Cologne, Amiens, and Reims. As they approached Aurelianum (Orleans), the citys inhabitants closed the gates forcing Attila to lay siege. In northern Italy, Magister militum Flavius Aetius began mustering forces to resist Attilas advance. Moving into southern Gaul, Aetius found himself with a small force consisting primarily of auxiliaries. Seeking aid from Theodoric I, king of the Visigoths, he was initially rebuffed. Turning to Avitus, a powerful local magnate, Aetius finally was able to find assistance. Working with Avitus, Aetius succeeded in convincing Theodoric to join the cause as well as several other local tribes. Moving north, Aetius sought to intercept Attila near Aurelianum. Word of Aetius approach reached Attila as his men were breaching the citys walls. Forced to abandon the attack or be trapped in the city, Attila began retreating northeast in search of favorable terrain to make a stand. Reaching the Catalaunian Fields, he halted, turned, and prepared to give battle. On June 19, as the Romans approached, a group of Attilas Gepids fought a large skirmish with some of Aetius Franks. Despite foreboding predictions from his seers, Attila gave the order to form for battle the next day. Moving from their fortified camp, they marched towards a ridge that crossed the fields. Playing for time, Attila did not give the order to advance until late in the day with the goal of allowing his men to retreat after nightfall if defeated. Pressing forward they moved up the right side of the ridge with the Huns in the center and the Gepids and Ostrogoths on the right and left respectively. Aetius men climbed the left slope of the ridge with his Romans on the left, the Alans in the center, and Theodorics Visigoths on the right. With the armies in place, the Huns advanced to take the top of the ridge. Moving quickly, Aetius men reached the crest first. Taking the top of the ridge, they repulsed Attilas assault and sent his men reeling back in disorder. Seeing an opportunity, Theodorics Visigoths surged forward attacking the retreating Hunnic forces. As he struggled to reorganize his men, Attilas own household unit was attacked forcing him to fall back to his fortified camp. Pursuing, Aetius men compelled the rest of the Hunnic forces to follow their leader, though Theodoric was killed in the fighting. With Theodoric dead, his son, Thorismund, assumed command of the Visigoths. With nightfall, the fighting ended. The next morning, Attila prepared for the expected Roman attack. In the Roman camp, Thorismund advocated assaulting the Huns but was dissuaded by Aetius. Realizing that Attila had been defeated and his advance stopped, Aetius began to assess the political situation. He realized that if the Huns were completely destroyed, that the Visigoths would likely end their alliance with Rome and would become a threat. To prevent this, he suggested that Thorismund immediately return to the Visigoth capital at Tolosa to claim his fathers throne before one of his brothers seized it. Thorismund agreed and departed with his men. Aetius used similar tactics to dismiss his other Frankish allies before withdrawing with his Roman troops. Initially believing the Roman withdrawal to be a ruse, Attila waited several days before breaking camp and retreating back across the Rhine. Aftermath Like many battles in this time period, precise casualties for the Battle of Chalons are not known. An extremely bloody battle, Chalons ended Attilas 451 campaign in Gaul and damaged his reputation as an invincible conqueror. The following year he returned to assert his claim to Honorias hand and ravaged northern Italy. Advancing down the peninsula, he did not depart until speaking with Pope Leo I. The victory at Chalons was one of the last significant victories achieved by the Western Roman Empire. Sources Medieval Sourcebook: Battle of ChalonsHistorynet: Battle of Chalons

Monday, October 21, 2019

Free Essays on Heroism

Have no fear a hero is here! â€Å"What characteristics should a hero have?† This is the question people ask. People have many different ideas on what a hero should be like. But surely most people would agree that a hero should be strong, intelligent, and brave. These characteristics have stayed the same, for the most part, from years ago. Strength is an ideal characteristic of a hero. Not only physical strength, but also strength in mind, heart, and spirit. The popular children super hero, Superman, possessed all these types of strength. He was able to lift cars, was smart, and also very kind to the good people. Superman was not always nice to everyone. He would punish the â€Å"evil doers† around the world for trying to hurt the innocent people. Intelligence is the next characteristic. Never in the history of hero’s was there a dumb hero. The hero needs to be intelligent, so he can figure different tactics to come to a solution for a problem. In some cases a hero may be a doctor who saves a family member from dying of heart problems. The doctor must be intelligent enough to be able to know what to look for to diagnose this problem. Courage is the most important characteristic of a hero. A hero must have courage to risk their life for the life of another person. If a hero were not brave this â€Å"hero† would never be able so save someone who is in harms way. The fire fighters, police officers, and paramedics in this country surely have courage. Being able to wake up every morning and not knowing what is going to go wrong that day takes courage. Surely one will agree that the typical hero possesses these three characteristics. In all hero’s, one will find strength, intelligence, and courage. These characteristics of a hero, for the most part, are the same characteristics of a hero from years past.... Free Essays on Heroism Free Essays on Heroism Have no fear a hero is here! â€Å"What characteristics should a hero have?† This is the question people ask. People have many different ideas on what a hero should be like. But surely most people would agree that a hero should be strong, intelligent, and brave. These characteristics have stayed the same, for the most part, from years ago. Strength is an ideal characteristic of a hero. Not only physical strength, but also strength in mind, heart, and spirit. The popular children super hero, Superman, possessed all these types of strength. He was able to lift cars, was smart, and also very kind to the good people. Superman was not always nice to everyone. He would punish the â€Å"evil doers† around the world for trying to hurt the innocent people. Intelligence is the next characteristic. Never in the history of hero’s was there a dumb hero. The hero needs to be intelligent, so he can figure different tactics to come to a solution for a problem. In some cases a hero may be a doctor who saves a family member from dying of heart problems. The doctor must be intelligent enough to be able to know what to look for to diagnose this problem. Courage is the most important characteristic of a hero. A hero must have courage to risk their life for the life of another person. If a hero were not brave this â€Å"hero† would never be able so save someone who is in harms way. The fire fighters, police officers, and paramedics in this country surely have courage. Being able to wake up every morning and not knowing what is going to go wrong that day takes courage. Surely one will agree that the typical hero possesses these three characteristics. In all hero’s, one will find strength, intelligence, and courage. These characteristics of a hero, for the most part, are the same characteristics of a hero from years past....

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Why You Should Use Web Push To Reach Your Email Marketing Haters

Why You Should Use Web Push To Reach Your Email Marketing Haters What if I said  weve been blowing smoke when we talked about email marketing on this blog? Weve devoted a fair amount of space talking about email marketing- many thousands and thousands of words, in fact. First, weve convinced you that a substantial effort has to go toward building the number of emails on your list. Then, weve told you about the best ways to get people to sign up, and how to get people to open your email. But what if email was on the road to inevitable failure? What if there was something coming that would make it obsolete? Think of all the effort youve put into your email list. Its terrifying to consider that it might be the marketing version of the VHS tape, but perhaps that is inevitable thanks to Web push. Why You Should Use #WebPush To Reach Your #EmailMarketing Haters via @JulieNeidlingerWhat Is Web Push? You are already familiar with Web push  if you  are using an Internet browser like Safari (Chrome and Firefox have indicated theyll be getting Web push soon), and get notifications for things such as new Twitter activity. In a way, Web push is sort of like the notifications you get on your smartphone, except that Web push happens through your computers Internet browser, where most of us spend our workday. Any of your readers who have allowed your notifications to appear in their browser will receive a notification the next time you publish new content.  They can click on the notification and be taken to your freshly published content easily. Web push is attractive to your readers for several reasons. 1. Web push is easy to use. Web push is simple for your readers to set up.  When readers arrive at your Web push-enabled website, a notification pops up asking if theyd like to be notified every time you publish new content. Unlike email or other calls-to-action, Web push is painless. The user can easily select Allow or Dont Allow  when asked if they want notifications, and the window goes away. Thats it. They can go on with their Internet browsing without having to verify email later or go to a sign-up page. The barrier to entry is very low- you cant get much easier than one click, which is all that Web push requires of your reader. 2. The permission window is familiar. The Web push window that pops up asking if your reader would like to be notified looks like any other browser-based permission window. Thats easier to trust than a custom marketing pop-up window. Why You Should Be Using Web Push Not every content marketing tool that comes along is worth your time, but Web push is something you should consider using. It very directly gets your content in front of eyeballs that are receptive to it, making it similar to email in that readers have opted in. Its easy to get started. You can get your site ready for Web push without having to be a developer. Using Roost, you can set up Web push on your site easily with several integrations, including a WordPress plugin that makes managing Web push from your WordPress dashboard possible. Roost makes setting up Web push in your WordPress blog easy. With Roost, your notifications can be automatically generated whenever you publish new content, or you can create custom notifications and send them manually to all of your subscribers. Taking the idea of push notifications a step further, you could also use Pushbullet to get notifications right where your readers are. Pushbullet is a mobile app (not limited to just a  browser) that also has browser extensions to make push available for non-Safari users. While Pushbullet has features directed at individual user convenience (text messaging, link sharing between devices, phone notifications to your desktop), they also allow users to subscribe to channels. Thats where content marketers might want to take notice. By setting up a Pushbullet channel that uses your RSS feed, you can notify subscribers of new content immediately, much the same as Safari users experience Web push. It appears on their mobile phone, and on their desktop. Web push happens where your audience is. One of the big challenges content marketers face is choosing which social networks they will publish content on. There are so many networks, and each network attracts a different kind of user. Content marketers often struggle with managing all of these publishing channels. With Web push, it doesnt matter what social networks your reader prefers, because it has nothing to do with them. Instead, it is independent of social networks, appearing right in their browser. You dont have to create different, customized messages optimized for different networks. You dont have to research which kind of networks your niche performs best on. Just like with the email you send, your content arrives where your audience is  already working, outside of a network. Web push helps build data for you. When we measure the success of a blog post or headline, we often deal with a variety of metrics. Traffic, perhaps, and how many social shares it received. Web push gives you another avenue of metrics, allowing you to A/B test everything from the best time to send notifications to what kind of messages might lead to unsubscribing. For those of you who like to A/B test and base content marketing decisions on hard data, Web push is another building block for you, a chance to learn about your audiences behavior outside of social networks and search engines. Try #WebPush to A/B test #headlines and understand the best times to publish your #blog posts.Web push gives you control and customization. Despite the simplicity of Web push, both for the end user and for you to set up, you still have some customizations and control available to you. Roost recently announced that you can  now send specific blog post categories to different subscriber segments, allowing your readers to see only what they want to see. If youre a heavy blogger and publish several posts a day, you might send out a notification to a summary email or link instead of a notification for every blog post. You can send out important product updates, or breaking news. With the simple system of Web push, you can  control what gets sent to whom. It is more than just an RSS feed on notification steroids. Web push opens a door for people who dont like email marketing. Not everyone likes getting marketing emails, and Web push helps  solve  that problem. Youre probably pretty invested in your email marketing, accepting the loss of those folks you know dont want your marketing email in their inbox. According to blogger  Tim Varner, Web push has an opt-in rate that is 10 times higher than email newsletters. Ill admit Ive become both worn out and disinclined to hand out my email address as freely as I once did. Web push allows me to stay connected to a blog I like but keep my email to myself. I can also control what kind of notifications Ill receive, and I like that I have control. Web push is the perfect patch for the anti-marketing  streak that runs through some of your audience. #WebPush is the perfect way to reach  your #EmailMarketing haters.Why Email Is Still The King Web push sounds pretty great, doesnt it? But rest assured that all of the attention weve given to growing your email list hasnt been misplaced. We havent led you astray. We were not blowing smoke. The truth is, Web push will not replace email. Its cool, it has promise, and its yet another great tool for your content marketing tool box, butit isnt as powerful as email. Web push is easy to abuse. Its so easy to send notifications to your subscribers that you might be tempted to do it more often than you should.  Notifications arent the same as an email. An email shows up in the inbox and sits there until your reader decides to do something with it. A notification does not give the reader that kind of control, and a simple one-click unsubscribe is likely to happen if the notifications annoy your reader in that moment. Just as Web push  notifications are  easy to allow, its easy to turn off, too.  The temptation and simplicity of sending out many notifications may  prove too much for some marketers. Web push does not get an email address. Attracting audience members who  dont want to give you an email address is a catch 22. Web push doesnt give you anything from your audience, beyond the permission of sending notifications and the data from their usage.

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Women status in islam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Women status in islam - Essay Example But this status is not enough for the modern world. Before the advent of Islam, women were treated in a derogatory manner. They were considered mainly as possessions that could be transferred from father to son as inheritance. There was also a prevalent custom where women were burned alive as infants since every family wanted a man rather than a woman. With the emergence of Islam, women got an improved status within the society and thus practices were severely looked down upon. Women were no longer considered as possessions but rather as partners in a marriage. Islam ensured the women were treated with due respect and kindness. In this regard, Prophet (PBUH) is reported to have said: The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) on various occasions highlighted on the status of women. He preached that Muslim men should treat their women with respect and kindness. His attitude towards his wife is a testimony of his preaching. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) married various time for different reasons and in every case, he treated his wives very kindly. None of his wives ever used a negative comment regarding the Prophet (PBUH) and always referred to him the most praiseworthy manner. Before embarking on the argument of equality between men and women, it should be understood that equality does not mean that these genders should be considered same. They lie of different ends of the spectrum and thus both these genders have their own status. Islam has not made men superior over women; it just provides a clear distinction of the role of the men and women. While men are the breadwinners of the household, women are required to look after the household. The equality between men and women can be judged from a quote that Holy Prophet (PBUH) is reported to have said: ‘All people are equal, as the teeth of a comb. There is no claim of merit of an Arab and non-Arab, or a white over a black person or a male over a

Friday, October 18, 2019

The assignment should be presented as a Journal opinion article and Essay

The assignment should be presented as a Journal opinion article and address an economic issue of current interest to Wall Street - Essay Example Political economy integrates anthropology, sociology, philosophy and sciences of nature. All these together create building blocks for methodology to comprehend social change along with styles of development. The enactment of one must affect the other. There is a worldwide agreement that politics matter a lot in developing countries which implies that study of â€Å"Political Economy† plays a crucial role in economic development. Political goodwill and stability are the vital prerequisites for any government to understand socio-economic and political growth along with development. Political instability brings ambiguity in the future economy policies of a country and deleteriously affects investors. Political stability and economic progress must be determined jointly and must necessarily remain bedfellows. Mark Zandi is one of the foremost economists of Moody’s Analytics where he performs economic based research. Moreover, Dr. Zandi is the co-founder of economy.com. Dr. Zandi’s research primarily involves financial market, macroeconomics and public policy reforms. Dr. Zandi has defined economic impact of various governments expenditure policies as well as tax systems and has also evaluated numerous monetary policies (Moody's Analytics, Inc. â€Å"Mark Zandi | Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics†). ... Zandi (Tracy, â€Å"‘Corrosive’ Political Conflict Is Holding Back U.S. Growth†). A brief government shutdown lasting for 2 or three days is capable enough to create a modest impact in reducing real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth by 0.2%. If it continues for two or three weeks â€Å"significant economic damage† will be the result and GDP cut would be 1.4%. Economic growth diminished noticeably during the shutdown of about three weeks in the late 1995 and in early 1996 (Newsmax Media, Inc. â€Å"Moody's Zandi: Prolonged Gov. Shutdown 'would likely bring another Recession†). In this regard, it is determined the US Congress failed to sanction legislations appropriating funds for the year 2014 which is considered to be the main reason behind the US government shutdown. Social security along with Medicare are not entirely self-funded like Federal Reserve System but partly self-funded and subjected to administrate shut-down along with failure if the g overnment becomes unsuccessful to meet the financial obligation. The 16 days long US shutdown in October 2013 was the third lengthiest government shutdown. Around 700,000 thousand federal workers had been indeterminately furloughed after arising of deadlock between Democrats and Republicans. NASA was completely closed and passport applications as well as cheques remained unprocessed (Telegraph Media Group Limited. â€Å"US Government Shuts Down As Congress Misses Deadline†). During the October 2013 shutdown Congress was trying for a temporary conciliation to raise the US borrowing limit to reopen the government. The Congress was intending to maintain the compromise till market fall sharply. The business owners should be

Potatoes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Potatoes - Essay Example Its Latin name is Solanum tuberosum L. and is a perennial plant i.e. present at all seasons of the year. (Rhodes, 2009). In the genus Solanum, Petota comprises of around 190 wild tuber-bearing species, and are extensively spread in the Americas, from the South Western USA to Southern Chile and Argentina and from sea level to the highlands of the Andes Mountains (Visser et al., 2009). A universally accepted taxonomy does not exist for cultivated potatoes. The interested part of the potato crop plant is a tuber, the enlarged end of a stolon, or underground stem. Externally tuber appears as tan to purple color while; its flesh is normally white or light yellow, except for some purple Andrean potatoes. The tuber buds off externally that can sprout into new crops. These buds or eyes function like a fruit seeds which give rise to new plants (Rhodes, 2009). Cross breeding techniques between common potato varieties and wild potato varieties are used to produce crop plants with desirable traits such as broad spectrum resistances to pests and diseases, tolerances to frost and drought, high yielding and highly nutritious crops in adverse biotic and abiotic stimuli, high quality storage characteristics, easy processing etc (Visser et al., 2009). In addition to this, developed countries are also emphasizing on organically prepared and processed potato. The production of diverse and abundant food to sustain the demand of increasing population is the need of the day. The supply of abundant, cheapest, diverse and safest food becomes an immense challenge in developing world. In this regard, root and tuber crops can contribute significantly. The annual growth rates of potato production are increasing by 4.5 million tons per year (Visser et al., 2009). It tops the list in non-grain food commodity, while secures third position as an important food crop after wheat and rice (Visser et al., 2009). It has been reported that in 2007, 325 million

ASL Discourse covering Discourse Genre Explanatory and Prosody Research Paper

ASL Discourse covering Discourse Genre Explanatory and Prosody - Research Paper Example The progress of developing sign language in US obligated the materialization of deaf training institutes, which would collect numerous deaf kids collectively for tutoring purposes. The account of ASL started with deaf tutoring. ASL is an acronym of American Sign Language. A minister name Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet in 1815, moved out of his home in Hartford to visit Europe. Dr. Mason Cogswell had inquired Gallaudet to examine techniques of schooling for his deaf daughter, Alice Cogswell. Whilst the purpose of Gallaudet visiting England, was struck by an obstacle when executives of the Braidwood Schools, who educated the verbal technique, denied giving out their techniques of tutoring deaf. In London, Gallaudet escorted with Abbe Sicard, administrator of the Royal Institution for the Deaf in Paris with his two students. Sicard asked Gallaudet to tour the school in Paris. Gallaudet then toured to Paris and cultured with the instructive techniques of the Royal Institution for the Deaf with sign language, a combination of Old French Sign Language and the signs framed by Abbe Sicard. In April 1817, Gallaudet launched the Connecticut Asylum for the teaching and tutoring of Deaf, today known as American School for the Deaf. Deaf learners were educated with French signs and others like Martha’s Vineyard. Therefore, at this institute all the effects amalgamated and turned out to be American Sign Language. 1. ASL Discourse Features ASL discourse features have been acknowledged purposely comparable in linguistics, in view of the fact that Stokoe's have utilized the features 'phoneme' and 'phonology' for all communication channels of ASL. All of linguist persons separated ASL signs into numerous phonemic characteristics known as discourse features. These features are hand contour, palm direction, hand motion, hand position etc. In addition to these discourse features there are others as well for example facial appearance, attitude, posture, and jawing. In early abstrac t techniques, motion was dealt as concurrent or chronological movements of the hand assisted with additional body features. But in numerous fresh techniques, motion is dealt as the pace of the language instead as characteristic. Signs are separated into sections of movement (motion) and hold, every one of which comprises of a group of the additional characteristics of hand profile, course, position, and some non-physical characteristics. In the sign language; distinguishing sign movements (motions) consist of linear, inner, and complex motions. The basic and primary directions of linear movements (motions) are six. These are up, down, in (in the direction of the signer), out (outside the signer), contra-lateral (in the direction of the midpoint or the contrary hand), and ipsi-lateral (away from the direction of the surface of the signing hand). Diagonal motion is identified to be fabricated with these basic directions. Inner movements (motions) contain rotating of the wrist, adaptin g curvilinear of the wrist or fingers, unclosing the hand, enclosing the hand, and squirming the fingers. Complicated movements (motions) incorporates contacting a location, traverse hands or fingers, clutching, inflowing (introducing the hand or fingers flanked by

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Central Bank of GCC Gulf Cooperation Council Assignment

Central Bank of GCC Gulf Cooperation Council - Assignment Example that the framing of effective monetary as well as fiscal policies will be one of the prime aspects to be taken into concern while designing the structure of GCC Central Bank. From the conduct of various studies, it can be found that the objectives and the functions that hold by GCC Central Bank will significantly lead the economies of the respective Gulf nations to attain immense growth. The Central Banks belonging to varied nations have been playing a decisive part in the developmental process of economies for numerous years. These sorts of financial intermediaries aid in progressing the economies of respective nations in terms of recognizing adequate monetary flow. It is worth mentioning that Central Banks not only look upon stabilizing the monetary policies, but also focuses on maintaining internal monitory stability by controlling the inflationary pressure. This inflationary pressure is mainly created owing to the persistence of inelasticity in adequate monetary transactions (Bank for International Settlement, 2009). The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is principally viewed to be a political and economic association, which mainly regulates the financial policies of six Gulf countries of Middle East. From a historical perspective, it will be vital to mention that GCC was mainly established in the year 1981in Riyadh, Saudia Arabia. It operates in six Gulf countries namely Saudia Arabia, Kuwait, United Arab Erminates, Qatar, Bahrain and Oman. Specially mentioning, the monetary policies and the economic growth of these Gulf countries are not regulated by the Central Bank (Sturm et al., 2008). With this concern, the assignment intends to conduct a comprehensive analysis of GCC Central Bank with considering varied significant aspects. These aspects comprise recommending the structure of GCC Central Bank, identifying similarities or differences with that of the European Central Bank and assessing the imperative functions as well as objectives of the same. While

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Business decision making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Business decision making - Essay Example Within the five year period, the number of elite clients has risen from 453 in 2006 to 1124 in 2010. However, there was a sharp in the number of this category of clients in 2007, with the bank recording only 411 Elite clients (Institute of Business and Management, 2012). Additionally, the report shows that the number of Preferred clients has grown by approximately 30 per cent, rising from 3148 in 2006 to 3809 in 2010 (Institute of Business and Management, 2012). This rise has been steady except for the year 2008, which experienced a sharp fall in this category of clients (3148), as compared to the previous year’s 3551. The same trend has occurred in the amount of deposit, where the maximum deposit for the regular clients was 690,354,000 in 2010 (Institute of Business and Management, 2012). The success of the bank has not been on a regular trend though. There has been a mix between the years of success and the drops in terms of deposits. Rating success and failures in terms of income, the final year 2010 indicated success for all the three classes of clients except for a drop in 2007. The remaining years have shown an indicator to financial growth in income, considering that it has been a continuous trend of progressive increase from 2008 to 2010. Comparing each class for every year, regular clients outnumber the rest of the classes, followed by the preferred class and finally the elite class. Perhaps owing to that, the amount of deposit for the regular clients has been the greatest followed by the preferred class and eventually the elites. 1.2. Data Analysis and Summary The table below shows the analysis of the data for all the clients of the bank DM. It shows the average and the mean for all the five years. However, the function for computing modes did not function because none of the values appeared more than once. Table 1: Data Analysis table for the bank DM for performance from 2006 to 2010 (i). From the analysis, it appears that the regular clients are more on average than all other clients, followed by the preferred clients then the elite clients. The deposit balance for the regular clients is also higher than for the categories of clients, followed by the preferred clients then the elite clients in the third rank. The same result is observed for the service income, where the regular clients lead followed by the preferred and finally the elite clients. From this analysis, the most advisable decision Bank DM executive committee can make is to develop marketing strategies for the other two client categories. The strategies can begin from analyzing customer needs concerning the preferred and the client elite accounts. After the analysis, there are two optional actions that the bank can consider. First, there should be a more structured sales promotions program for increasing the performance level of the less performing accounts. The customer satisfaction level can enable the executive committee to improve the qualities of the ac counts. If the sales promotions do not yield the expected outcomes, the next option is to eliminate the accounts from bank and develop a better account product for the preferred and the elite customers. (ii). The second analysis uses measures of dispersion such as variance and standard deviation of the distributions of the numbers for the three banks for all the five years. The measures of dispersion appear in the table below Account Type Number of Accounts Deposit

Central Bank of GCC Gulf Cooperation Council Assignment

Central Bank of GCC Gulf Cooperation Council - Assignment Example that the framing of effective monetary as well as fiscal policies will be one of the prime aspects to be taken into concern while designing the structure of GCC Central Bank. From the conduct of various studies, it can be found that the objectives and the functions that hold by GCC Central Bank will significantly lead the economies of the respective Gulf nations to attain immense growth. The Central Banks belonging to varied nations have been playing a decisive part in the developmental process of economies for numerous years. These sorts of financial intermediaries aid in progressing the economies of respective nations in terms of recognizing adequate monetary flow. It is worth mentioning that Central Banks not only look upon stabilizing the monetary policies, but also focuses on maintaining internal monitory stability by controlling the inflationary pressure. This inflationary pressure is mainly created owing to the persistence of inelasticity in adequate monetary transactions (Bank for International Settlement, 2009). The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is principally viewed to be a political and economic association, which mainly regulates the financial policies of six Gulf countries of Middle East. From a historical perspective, it will be vital to mention that GCC was mainly established in the year 1981in Riyadh, Saudia Arabia. It operates in six Gulf countries namely Saudia Arabia, Kuwait, United Arab Erminates, Qatar, Bahrain and Oman. Specially mentioning, the monetary policies and the economic growth of these Gulf countries are not regulated by the Central Bank (Sturm et al., 2008). With this concern, the assignment intends to conduct a comprehensive analysis of GCC Central Bank with considering varied significant aspects. These aspects comprise recommending the structure of GCC Central Bank, identifying similarities or differences with that of the European Central Bank and assessing the imperative functions as well as objectives of the same. While

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Western designer with an Eastern touch Essay Example for Free

Western designer with an Eastern touch Essay Designer Vivienne Tam has received quite a multicultural upbringing as she was born in Canton, brought up in Hong Kong, and eventually settled in New York. She has made a name in the fashion world by being innovative, and having her own distinctive style. I want to design harmonious and beautiful clothing that enhances ones personality, she says. Vivienne first became famous with her signature collection of Eastern inspired clothing with a modern edge on the New York stage in 1994. After that, East-meets-West style became her trademark and distinctive feature. Pieces of her now classic Buddha collection of 1997 ultimately became part of the permanent archives of the Andy Warhol Museum in Pittsburgh, The Museum of FIT and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, and the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. Tams designs that have been described as simple but at the same time unique in their combination of East and West, traditional and modern have attracted the attention of celebrities including Julia Roberts, Goldie Hawn, Madonna, and Britney Spears. At the moment, Tam owns boutiques in New York, Tokyo, Hong Kong, and Kobe, Japan. In November, 2004, Vivienne Tam opened her second freestanding store in Xian Tian Di in Shanghai, China, and her ninth store in Hong Kong, located at The Peninsula Hotel in Kowloon. One of her recent successes is a partnership with The Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group where she is a brand ambassador. Her works will be featured in an advertising campaign to break in spring of 2005 in nationally distributed U. S. publications. Vivienne herself described her style in her book â€Å"China Chic† where she dwells on different aspects of Orientalism including fashion, food, art, architecture and home decor. She describes in the book in detail her own crosscultural style that unites Western and Eastern elements. Vivienne Tam describes the Chinese style that is native to he rand teaches readers to appreciate the Chinese design and assess the beauty of her favorite Ming chair. Vivienne Tam’s style has always been characterized by distinct feature of Orientalism, or something that is perceived by the predominantly Western public assessing her creations as oriental. Most critics describe her style as eclectic, that is, combining the elements of the â€Å"Oriental† and â€Å"Occidental†. Her clothing are carrying the trends similar to the folk Chinese costumes, such as the glistening fabrics and loose cut while remaining attached to the spirit of New York City’ s cultural life. Said’s Orientalism and Barthes’ â€Å"signifier† Thus, Vivienne Tam’s fashionable art can be linked to the concept of Orientalism described in Edward Said’s famous work â€Å"Orientalism†. Said himself, being of Palestinian descent, had a â€Å"cross-cultural† background. Said defined Orientalism as a â€Å"way of coming to terms with the Orient that is based on the Orients special place in European Western Experience† (Said 1979). Said insisted on the Orientalism being a cultural concept that is conditioned by the existence â€Å"cultural contestant† to the European Occident, and a recurring image of the â€Å"Other†. The Orient is thus an elusive notion that is merely a product of the European imagination and is utilized to help the Occidentals to conceptualize themselves in contrast to the Oriental tradition. Said describes Orientalism as a ‘style of thought based on an ontological and epistemological distinction’† between the Orient and the Occident† (Yang). Said insisted that Orientalism is a notion that was artificially created by the artistice circles of the West who were unable to grasp the crude reality of Eastern life and conjured up for themselves a sweetened â€Å"Orient†. He wrote in his work: â€Å"By virtue of the fact that the poet, scholar, and politician speaks for, or writes about the Orient indicates the Orient is absent, and that the Orientalist is outside the orient†¦ Poets make the Orient speak, and renders its mysteries plain to the West. † (Say-Saue 2001). Thus Said sees Orientalism as a kind of representation of the Orient by the Orientalists, found in the so-called truthful texts, such as history, journals, or, in other words, as cultural stereotype other opposite to the Occident (Yang). In Orientalism Said described this notion as it surfaces in the works of the European writers trying to provide an account of Eastern realia. Said connected the orientalist approach with the European culture that tried to control its relations with the Eastern subordinate states. He denoted the Western tradition of Orientalism as corporate institution for dealing with the Orient dealing with it by making statements about it, authoring views of it, describing it, by teaching it, settling it, ruling over it: in short . . . a Western style for dominating, restructuring, and having authority over the Orient (Edward Said). Thus, the tool of the Orientalism was utilised by the West in order to subjugate and oppress the East. The ideas present in Said’s works show that the application of Orientalism to the description of an obscure phenomenon was similar to the idea of a â€Å"signifier† used by Bathes. In the sense used by Roland Bathes’s theory of semiotics, â€Å"signifier:† is in some ways a substitute. For example, words, both oral and written, are signifiers, later exchanged by the brain for a working definition. The difference between the word â€Å"tree† and the substance which the brain substitutes for the input tree lies in the fact that you can make something out of the entity that is symbolized by the word, but you cannot use the word itself in construction. The signifier is therefore a kind of icon (Rowland Barthes Theories). Interesting in this respect is the idea of myth utilised by Roland Bathes which he determines

Monday, October 14, 2019

Participation of children in football

Participation of children in football INTRODUCTION The purpose of this report is to provide information about the participation level of people of Scotland in Football. This report is based on the findings in the document from sportscotland: Sports Participation in Scotland 2007, Research Digest no. 108. Interviewing is done using the questions from the Scottish Opinion Survey (SOS) run by the TNS System Three. The results of the findings are based on interviewing about 1000 adults comprising approximately 480 men and 520 women and 250 children every month. This shows that there is a consistency in the sample size with age and sex of the people interviewed. Football has been one of the most popular and frequent participating sports among others both with children and adults of both sexes. This report will focus on a three year basis survey on the trends and the participation level in football. PARTICIPATION OF CHILDREN IN FOOTBALL Football has been the most popular sports with children (8-15 years) during the survey years. According to the survey 52% children have participated in football at least once a month between 2005 and 2007. Swimming is ranked second with a participation level of 37% only. PARTICIPATION OF CHILDREN BY SEX A more detailed approach can be made to explain the popularity of the sports considering the sex of the participants. With boys aged between 8 years and 15 years football has been the most popular sport with a very high participation level of 74.5%. Cycling is second to football with a participation level of only 36%. Popularity of the sport is considerably low with girls who are aged between 8 years and 15 years. Football participation is only 27% with girls of this age group who are more attracted to swimming (42.9%), cycling (34.8%) and dancing (31.1%). FREQUENCY OF PARTICIPATION WITH CHILDREN Frequency of participation refers to the average number of days participated in four weeks. With boys and girls aged between 8 years and 15 years the frequency has been calculated excluding the data from the peak months. The frequency of participation in football at least once a month for the three year period is 3.1 making it the most popular sport among the children. Average number of days participated in a month is 3.4 by boys of the age between 8 years and 15 years while with the girls of the same age group the number is 2.3. FOR CHILDREN FOOTBALL IS NOT A SEASONAL SPORT The findings show that participation of children in football remains the same all over the year both with boys and girls. Participation level in the peak months was found to be exactly the same as they were all over the year excluding the peak months. This suggests that football does not attract children only in the peak months. It is a sport where the children keep themselves engaged throughout a year hence not making it a seasonal sport. NATURE OF PARTICIPATION AMONG CHILDREN Participation in football has been in different forms. Children play their football in streets or gardens or wastelands where they are very relaxed and in a lesser competitive mood. They also participate in 11-a-side matches and 5-a-side indoor and outdoor matches. Majority of the children (34%) participating in the sport played in streets or gardens or wastelands the survey being done in peak months. Only 17% of them participate in 11-a-side games out of which 26% are boys and 6% are girls. Table 1: Participation of children (8-15 years) in different forms of the game by sex (at least once a month) 2005-07: peak months All % Boys % Girls % In street/garden/wasteland 34 49 17 11-a-side games 17 26 6 5-a-side games (all) 17 26 6 5-a-side games (outdoor) 13 20 4 5-a-side games (indoor) 8 11 4 Notes: Percentage of participation in football for children was 52. The figures in all participants column for street/garden/wasteland, 11-a-side games and 5-a-side games (all) sum up to 68, because of multiple participations. Similarly the figures of 5-a-side indoor and outdoor rows sum up to 21 instead of 17, because of multiple participations. This illustration holds true for the other columns also. Total participation for boys was 74% and for girls was 27%. PARTICIPATION OF CHILDREN THROUGH CLUB MEMBERSHIP Participation in football in less competitive levels has resulted in low club memberships (28%). 31% of boys who play football are members of a club while only 16% of girls playing football have a club membership. This shows that boys were around twice as likely as girls to be the member of a football club. TRENDS IN PARTICIPATION OF CHILDREN OVER THE LAST 10 YEARS (1998-2007) Looking at the trends in participation in football for children (8-15 years) over the past 10 years on a 3 year basis survey it can be concluded that there has been a gradual decrease in participation level but it has been always above 50% making the sport most popular among others over the years. PARTICIPATION OF ADULTS IN FOOTBALL When it comes to adults (16+), the results are based on surveys during the peak months and in the same time frame participation level in football (10%) is only second to swimming (16%). This decline in participation is understandable as participation in sport is strongly age-related. The survey shows that participation in some type of sport is 96% with children aging between 8 years and 11 years (excluding PE). This figure goes down to 29% with the over 55 category. PARTICIPATION OF ADULTS BY SEX Considering sex of participants, football has been the most popular sport with men with a participation level of 18.9%. Results show that football loses its popularity with adult women considerably and the participation level is as low as 2.3%. These results are based on participation in peak months. FREQUENCY OF PARTICIPATION WITH ADULTS The frequency of participation of adults in football during the peak months is 1.6 and has not been among the most frequent sports with the likes of cycling (3.8), horse riding (3.2), etc. The average number of days when adult men participated in football is 1.6 while the figure is 1.5 with women. NATURE OF PARTICIPATION AMONG ADULTS Adult men and women have played their football in the different forms of the game. They have played in the streets, gardens or wastelands. They also have participated in 11-a-side and 5-a-side games. Unlike children, adult men have taken part in more competitive games than those who have played in streets, gardens or wastelands. Women have very little participation in competitive games with less than 0.5% participating in 11-a-side games and only 1% in 5-a-side games. Table 2: Participation of adults (16+) in different forms of the game by gender (at least once a month) 2005-07: peak months All % Men % Women % In street/garden/wasteland 4 5 2 11-a-side games 3 6 * 5-a-side games (all) 6 13 1 5-a-side games (outdoor) 4 9 * 5-a-side games (indoor) 4 7 * Note: Percentage of participation in football for adults was 10. The figures in all participants column for street/garden/wasteland, 11-a-side games and 5-a-side games (all) sum up to 13, because of multiple participations. Similarly the figures of 5-a-side indoor and outdoor rows sum up to 8 instead of 6, because of multiple participations. This illustration holds true for the other columns also. Total participation for men was 19% and for girls was 2%. The asterisk (*) indicates less than 0.5% participation. PARTICIPATION OF ADULTS THROUGH CLUB MEMBERSHIP Percentage of adult football participants who are the members of a club is 25. 27% of male football participants have a club membership while only 6% of female who play football are club members. This shows that men are four and a half times more likely to take a club membership as are women. TRENDS IN PARTICIPATION OVER THE LAST 13 YEARS (1994-2007) The trends in participation in football for adults over the past 13 years on a three year basis survey show a good consistency with the participation level ranging between 9% and 11%. CONCLUSION Club membership has been low in football for both children between 8 years and 15 years and adults over 16 years. Only a quarter (25%) of the adult participants in football is club members while with children the figure is just above the quarter mark (28%). This is mainly due to the nature of the participation. Around two-thirds (49% of the 74%) of the number of boys aged between 8 years and 15 years have played their football in streets or gardens or wastelands throughout the year. A major portion of the girls participating in football (17% of the 27%) have played in the same form of the game. This might also be considered as a reason for the gradual decrease in the trend of participation in football among children. Children might be encouraged to become members of different clubs by organizing free coaching sessions once or twice a week round the year for club members. Other attractions may include more competitive football matches between clubs in different forms of the game to en sure maximum participation. This might also encourage them to continue with participation at an older age.

Sunday, October 13, 2019

Narco-Terror: the United States, the Drug War, and the War on Terror

Narco-Terror: the United States, the Drug War, and the War on Terror Introduction The United States has had a long-standing policy of intervening in the affairs of other nations when the country has thought it within its best interests to do so. Since the 1970’s the United States has tried to impose its will on other nations to combat the most pressing political enemy of the day often linking the war on drugs to the matter to stoke support both domestically and abroad. In the times of the Cold War, this enemy was communism and the government tried to make the connection of the â€Å"Red Dope Menace† insinuating drug links with China, Castro’s Cuba, and the Sandinistas in Nicaragua. However, as the world has evolved and communism’s prominence has waned, there is a new enemy whose existence has become intertwined with the drug war. That enemy is terrorism. The connection has gone so far that politicians and journalists have coined a new term to describe the link calling this new problem of our time â€Å"Narco-terror.† This pa per will examine US efforts to control the drug trade and fight terrorism in Colombia, Peru, Afghanistan and the desired and often undesired consequences that have come about because of those efforts. Colombia Narcoterrorism has a long past in the history of Colombia, focusing mainly on the market development of one drug: cocaine. Colombia, with its arid tropical climate and lush land, is an ideal place for the sowing and reaping of the coca plant whose extracts are synthesized into the powder cocaine drug. As Colombian cocaine production skyrocketed in the 1970’s and 1980’s thanks to booming demand for the product in Americas, drug kingpins in Colombia began to wield immense power in the country. ... ... Connection Between Drugs and Terror.† June 20, 2002. 10. Sly, Liz â€Å"Opium Cash Fuels Terror†¦Ã¢â‚¬  February 9, 2004. 11. â€Å"Colombia’s Crimson Night.† 12. Gray, Mike. â€Å"Drugs and Terrorism.† 13. Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs. â€Å"Plan Colombia.† March 14, 2001. 14. Taylor, Robert â€Å"Peru: Sendero on the Offensive – in Court† April 2003. 15. â€Å"Sendero Luminoso Attacks.†

Saturday, October 12, 2019

Life of a Slave Girl Essay -- Papers

Life of a Slave Girl Harriet Jacobs constantly refers to friends that help her through her plight for freedom. Relying on the kindness of others seems to be a trend through out her life. Harriet was always helped out when she was a slave and when she escaped from slavery. When ever she got into trouble someone always came to her rescue. Everyone that came to her rescue was risking themselves when they would aid her. Be it a good old friend from the past, someone who knew her mother or a random stranger in the last expected place, there was always someone to save her. She thankfully accepted every bit of aid that came her way. Countless times Harriet speaks of getting help from someone whom she knew when she was little, be it an old friend or someone who is helping her because they knew her mother. People always wanted to help her, and this makes me wonder what she was like. Not once in her story does Harriet describe herself or do we get to know much about her other then how troubled she always is. Harriet was someone of a very strong moral character. Her second master Dr. Flint was relentless in his desires to have her as his lover yet she never gave in. In the situation of a slave this was very unusual. There was nothing to stop Dr. Flint from sticking Harriet in jail or whipping her until she couldn't stand anymore for no other reason then he felt like it. Yet she would not do anything she chose not to. She eventually ran away from him after spending years in his service and spent seven years hiding in an atic that summed up to be a large coffin then serve him and his family any more. She would rather torchure herself then submit to the Flints and do something she felt was wrong. At the age of six Harri... ... to smuggle Harriet north. After much time, he found way by a sympathetic caption of a ship to bring her north. He gave seven years trying to help her with information and a way to get north instead of helping himself. To simply save a friend. After Harriet arived in New York she met Mr. Bruce. His second wife was the greatest help to Harriet through out all of her years. Though she was white, she treated Harriet as an equal and always tryed to do the best for her. At one point Harriet had to flee from New York for fear of being cought and Mrs. Bruce tells her to bring her baby with her so that if she happened to be cought they would have to bring Harriet back to her and that there might be some way to help her then. Eventually Mrs. Bruce enables someone to purchase Harriet for three hundred dollars from Mr. Flint's daughter so that Harriet could be free.

Friday, October 11, 2019

A memorable experience in my life Essay

I have rarely thought about the so-called memorable experiences in life. Since there are a lot of things that need to be done now and also in the future, to me, it is quite hard to write about this topic and it took me a lot of time recalling what have happened in my life, what the memorable experiences were and what the most memorable one was. Finally, I realized that a memorable experience is not only a significant event like getting a university degree, travelling abroad or having a good job. It can also be small events in life such as the first day going to school, the first time riding bicycle or something like that. To me, the most memorable experience that I have was the time I spent with my father during my childhood. I have two elder brothers, one elder sister and one younger sister. My younger sister is only 2 years old younger than me and apparently, we spent most of the time playing together throughout our childhood. My father usually took us to the park by the river ever y weekend. There we played tig, hide-and-seek, merry-go-round; shared one piece of baked banana, and so on. They were just small things, but these small things made us remember all these moments forever. We felt happy every single moment we shared with our father. Read more: Essays About Life Experiences My father passed away on the Buddhist holiday (the 15th of the 7th month of the lunar calendar) last year due to poor health situation at the old age. We told each other not to cry so that he could leave this world peacefully. Finally, I could not stand it and left my brother’s house where my father was lying for a small park near my house. The merry-go-round there reminded me of all the good things he had devoted to us. I could not stop crying then. When my little daughter asks me to bring her to the park or do her some favor, I sometimes scold her because I am tired after being swamped up with the daily jobs and activities. Thinking of my father, I often say sorry to her after that and think if I can do just half of the things my father did for me, I am already a good mother. The most important thing I can learn from my father is to love my family, and to show the love to the beloved ones by simple actions in daily life. So, my friends, if you love someone, just say you love them and try your best to bring good things to your beloved ones whenever you can. Their happiness is your happiness!

Thursday, October 10, 2019

Bangladeshi Constitution Changes over Time but It Don’t Reflect the Demand of the People of Bangladesh

Question: Bangladeshi constitution changes over time but it don’t reflect the demand of the people of Bangladesh. Introduction: Bangladesh Constitution changes over time in different government regime. There have been ongoing controversies and debates on some aspects of the current Bangladesh Constitution, especially every government came to power and amend the constitution according to their will. No specific and written proposal has ever been published by those governments; so we are unaware of the benefit of those Amendments which are intended.In my study, I tried to discuss about some important amendment about Bangladeshi Constitution. Especially I focused on reflections of the demands and choices of people on these changes. First Amendment: In 1973, the Constitution Act 1973 was passed inserting sub-art (3) in Article 47 whereby law can be enforced over war criminal and then fundamental human rights will be inapplicable. Flaws of this amendment: Govt. an misuse this amend ment and accuse someone as war criminal. As a result that accused people will not be able to have any kind of fundamental human rights. This amendment is not reflecting the need of mass people rather some political people. Third Amendment: The Constitution (Third Amendment) Act 1974 was passed to give effect to the agreement with India giving up the claim in respect of Berubari and retaining Dahagram and Angorpota. Flaws of this amendment:An Enclave is a geographical territory which is completely surrounded by foreign territory (including foreign territorial water) such a territory is called an enclave in respect to the surrounding foreign territory, and an exclave in respect to the territory to which it is politically attached. So after the exchange, the control of the corridor rested with the Indian authorities, and the problems of connecting other enclaves continue as before. Moreover the primary sufferers of this controlled corridor are the people of Bangladesh. Fifth Amendment: The Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act was passed by the Jatiya Sangsad on 6 April 1979. This Act amended the Fourth Schedule to the Constitution by adding a new Paragraph 18 thereto, which provided that all amendments, additions, modifications, substitutions and omissions made in the Constitution during the period between 15 August 1975 and 9 April 1979 (both days inclusive) by any Proclamation or Proclamation Order of the Martial Law Authorities had been validly made and would not be called in question in or before any court or tribunal or authority on any ground whatsoever.The expression ‘Bismillah ar-Rahman ar-Rahim’ was added before the Preamble of the Constitution. The expression ‘historic struggle for national liberation’ in the Preamble was replaced by ‘a historic war for national independence. ’ One party system was replaced by multiparty parliamentary system. Fundamental principles of state policy were made as ‘absolute trust an d faith in the Almighty Allah, nationalism, democracy and socialism meaning economic and social justice. ’ Flaws of Fifth Amendment [1]:The Fifth Amendment was passed by a military government in the consequences of a series of murderous coups, counter-coups and government change. That period was very painful, undefined and critical for the ‘sovereign existence’ of Bangladesh as it faced hosts of political, economic and security challenges from both within and outside. One may have hesitations about some aspects of this or any other Amendment but it is important also to consider the overall situation prevailing at the time.And it is wrong, in my opinion, to condemn any or all the Amendments if the existing conditions demanded it, but we have a right, in fact obligations, to look at them critically and reassess the situation [2]. The leaders want to change the present Constitution, because according to them, the Constitution was made ‘Communal’ by intr oducing the words ‘Bismillah ar-Rahman ar-Rahim’ in the preface and by making ‘Islam’ the ‘state religion’ at the cost of the principle of ‘Secularism’.This brought about fundamental modifications to Constitution, which is true in my judgment, but I am not sure whether this made Bangladesh ‘more Islamic’ or ‘communal’ than before. It is noted that equal rights, including freedom to exercise all religions, are guaranteed in the Constitution. There may be some uncertainty and it is true that some fringe groups have been mixing for introduction of ‘Sharia Law [3]’. This, of course, is shocking the religious minorities for the potential loss of their religious rights and freedom under an ‘Islamic Republic’ in the style of Pakistan or Afghanistan under Taliban rule.Majority Muslims of Bangladesh are also concerned since such activities may encourage the extremist groups to adopt violen t and terrorist activities for a change of the government and the system. The word ‘Socialism’ was not omitted completely from the Constitution by the subsequent amendments but redefined by saying that it meant ‘economic and social justice’. This assured the West and pro-capitalist elements that Bangladeshi Socialism is not socialism in the real sense; it was not the socialism as it was then accomplished in China or Soviet Russia, and that there is no reason to be frightened.In the light of the major changes in the world economic and power relations over the last decades (especially since the collapse of Soviet model, end of Cold war, amendments in the Chinese model), debates on this ‘modernizing socialism’ in the Constitution is rather muted. Some of our former ‘Socialist revolutionary leaders’ are happily co-habiting with semi-feudal, pro-capitalist parties. The debate on ‘Nationalism’ (Bangali vs Bangladeshi) seems to be driven by emotion. Individually, I feel quite comfortable being known as a ‘Bangladeshi’ national with ‘Bangali’ cultural and linguistic tradition and with a Muslim faith.Citizens who are not Bangali but of other ethnic and cultural roots and profess any of the non-Muslim faiths should feel quite relaxed if their nationality is ‘Bangladeshi’. I find no contradiction in this kind of arrangement. But it is wrong to define all the citizens of Bangladesh as ‘Bangali’; they would not feel comfortable with is this classification. Those who raise controversies and unnecessary debates on this issue are not helping Bangladesh to establish its individual national identity. The issue of ‘Secularism’ is more complex as it is supposed to be more rogressive and all embracing as opposed to the word ‘Islam or Muslim’ in the Constitution. Whether the present Bangladesh Awami League government really wants to delete t he words ‘Bismillah ar-Rahman ar-Rahim’ from the preface and ‘Islam is the state religion’ from the Constitution to reinstate the word ‘Secularism’, remain to be seen. Still we may create a few comments for general conversation.[1] http://thetrajectory. com/blogs/index. php/2009/05/the-fifth-amendment-crisis-in-bangladesh/ [2] http://www. scribd. om/doc/2599618/12-Amendment-in-Bangladesh-Constitution [3] Sharia, or Islamic law, influences the legal code in most Muslim countries. A movement to allow sharia to govern personal status law, a set of regulations that pertain to marriage, divorce, inheritance, and custody, is even expanding into the West. Tenth Amendment: The Constitution (Tenth Amendment) Act 1990 amended, among others, Article 65 of the Constitution, providing for reservation of thirty seats for the next 10 years in the Jatiya Sangsad exclusively for women members, to be elected by the members of the Sangsad. Flaws of this amendment :The tenth amendment reflects the right of women regarding the participation in Jatiya Sangsad. But there are biasness regarding the female candidate selection procedure. Moreover some female member of parliament is worse then male MP, this unjustified selection makes the public representation procedure vague. Thirteenth Amendment: The Constitution (Thirteenth Amendment) Act 1996 provided for a non-party Caretaker Government which, acting as an interim government, would give all possible aid and assistance to the Election Commission for holding the general election of members of the Jatiya Sangsad peacefully, fairly and mpartially. The caretaker government, comprising the Chief Adviser and not more than 10 other advisers, would be collectively responsible to the President and would stand dissolved on the date on which the Prime Minister entered upon his office after the Constitution of the new Sangsad. Flaws of this amendment: The introduction of caretaker government is not as effec tive as it was thought. The caretaker govt. forms after a political party handover the power to the caretaker govt. and the duty of caretaker govt. is to make necessary procedure to arrange a free and fair election.But the previous political party can easily influence the caretaker govt. and then caretaker govt. will tilt the election procedure towards them. As a result the previous political party remains in the govt. position for nest 5 years. So there must be more clauses in the 13th amendment to rectify the behavior of caretaker govt. member. Analysis and Comments: It is observed from the above, that the Amendments made at one time under certain circumstances were replaced by another Amendment, and also that majority of these had a broad nationwide debate.But a few of those Amendments were enacted without proper debates and discussions. Whereas, people from different political view, religion should be involved in this process. Amendments that were the result of autocratic though t obviously come under severe criticisms, sometimes for valid reasons and sometimes for political purposes. Constitution is the superlative law of Bangladesh . It is the reflection of people's demands and needs. The government should think very carefully before making any fundamental changes in it.It should refrain from making major changes unless a national harmony is attained. History tells us fundamental changes of the Constitution by the one-sided action of the government have not brought successful result. Rather, it created hostility and division within the country when stability and unity were greatly needed for national prosperity. In any event, if any fundamental changes are to be made in the current Constitution, the prescribed procedure outlined in the very Constitution must be followed.Reference ; Bibliography: †¢Daily ittefaq, Article on ‘Contemporary debates for fundamental changes of the Constitution’, [online, retrieved on February 27, 2010], availa ble at:  http://www. ittefaq. com/issues/2010/02/27/news0888. htm†¢Bangladesh Strategic ; Development Forum, Article on ‘Strategic Relations Between Bangladesh And India’, [online, retrieved on October 9, 2007], available at: http://www. dsdf. org/forum/index. php? showtopic=32551;st=75;gt;†¢The Daily Star, Article on ‘The Tin Bigha corridor 15 years on’, [online, retrieved on October 13, 2007], available at: †¢Council on Foreign Relations, Article on ‘Islam: Governing Under Sharia’, [online, retrieved on October 5, 2010], available at: †¢RESDAL, Article on ‘The Constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh ’, [online, retrieved on October 12, 2010], available at: ;lt; http://www. esdal. org/Archivo/ban-pIII. htm;gt;†¢Daffodil University, Article on ‘THE CONSTITUTION OF THE PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF BANGLADESH’, [online, retrieved on October 11, 2010], available at: †¢Wikipedia 1, 2010, Indo-Bangladesh enclaves. 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