Gulf War Essays - Kuwait, Military History Of Iraq, Annexation

Gulf War The attack of Iraqi military forces to a small Arab state called Kuwait on orders from president Saddam Hussein caused The US to interfere with the situation resulting in a war called The Gulf War of 1991 starting in January 16 ending in February 28. The military campaign against Iraq had two phase: The Air War and the Ground War . The aim of the air war was to destroy the stratecigally important places and the ground war was for reinforcement of the air war. There were a number of reasons that caused the war in addition to the invasion of Kuwait by the Iraqi Military Forces; these reasons were: Iraq; publicly decrying the US naval presence in the Persian Gulf and making increasingly belligerent threats against Kuwait and The United Arab Emirates whom they accused of breaking agreements limiting oil production and thereby severely depressing world oil prices and costing Iraq billions of dollars in annual revenue. The Gulf war resulted in Kuwait having great amount of economic loss and in addition to great economic loss a continuous sanction and embargo to Iraq by the United Nations. In contrary US gained a great amount of prestige in the international area by showing that they are the only superpower and found clients to its new technology weapons which US used in the Gulf War. The Us is a militarist country and the US government is justified in attacking Iraq, however there are arguements against this evaluation. These arguements can be refuted by arguements supporting the militarist theory. Firstly, as a contrary argument it is said that states role is not to define rights but to defend rights, in other words, rights are not given by the states they are given naturally, but it can be said that in reality states define the notion of property, therefore, the US can define rights of people even in Iraq because they have taken the power from the Iraq government by applying force. Secondly, people against militarism state that strength does not mean the aggressor should behave aggressively because war is an expensive solution to a problem in terms of both money and peoples lives. The reality is that the country holding the power can define the rights. The strong always wins against the weak. Therefore the US is justified because in every field they are stronger than Iraq nobody has the power to stop the US. Then the US can invade Iraq whenever they want as they did in the Gulf War. Aggressiveness is sometimes needed especially when there are conflicts between states.Lastly, it can be said that it is necessary to defend weak countries because today Kuwait would have been a city of Iraq unless US had stopped Iraq; this can refute the argument against militarism saying that weak countries do not want the US to protect them. In conclusion, the US is a militarist country and justified in attacking Iraq. Militarism is not a negative theory because living in a world containing some militarist countries is better than living in a world in which there is no balancing powers.

Invention of Polystyrene and Styrofoam

Invention of Polystyrene and Styrofoam Polystyrene is a strong plastic created from erethylene and benzine. It can be injected, extruded or blow molded. This makes it a very useful and versatile manufacturing material.   Most of us recognize polystyrene in the form of styrofoam used for beverage cups and packaging peanuts. However, polystyrene is also used as a building material, with electrical appliances (light switches and plates) and in other household items. Eduard Simon Hermann Staudinger Polymer Research Keystone/Stringer/Getty Images German apothecary Eduard Simon discovered polystyrene in 1839 when he isolated the substance from natural resin. However, he did not know what he had discovered.  It took another organic chemist named Hermann Staudinger to realize that Simons discovery, comprised of long chains of styrene molecules, was a plastic polymer. In 1922, Staudinger published his theories on polymers. They stated that natural rubbers were made up of long repetitive chains of monomers that gave rubber its elasticity. He went on to write that the materials manufactured by the thermal processing of styrene were similar to rubber. They were the high polymers, including polystyrene. In 1953, Staudinger won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his research. BASF Commercial Use of Polystyrene Badische Anilin Soda-Fabrik or BASF was founded in 1861. BASF has a long history of being innovative due to having invented synthetic coal tar dyes, ammonia, nitrogenous fertilizers as well as developing polystyrene, PVC, magnetic tape and synthetic rubber. In 1930, the scientists at BASF developed a way to commercially manufacture polystyrene. A company called I.G. Farben is often listed as the developer of polystyrene because BASF was under trust to I G. Farben in 1930. In 1937, the Dow Chemical company introduced polystyrene products to the U.S. market. What we commonly call styrofoam, is actually the most recognizable form of foam polystyrene packaging. Styrofoam is the trademark of the Dow Chemical Company while the technical name of the product is foamed polystyrene. Ray McIntire - Styrofoam Inventor Dow Chemical Company scientist  Ray McIntire invented foamed polystyrene aka Styrofoam. McIntire said his invention of foamed polystyrene was purely accidental. His invention came about as he was trying to find a flexible electrical insulator around the time of World War II. Polystyrene, which already had been invented, was a good insulator but too brittle. McIntire tried to make a new rubber-like polymer by combining styrene with a volatile liquid called isobutylene  under pressure. The result was a foam polystyrene with bubble and was 30 times lighter than regular polystyrene. The Dow Chemical Company introduced Styrofoam products to the United State in 1954. How Are Foamed Polystyrene or Styrofoam Products Made? Foamed polystyrene starts as small spherical beads that contain an expanding agent called hydrocarbon.The polystyrene beads are heated with steam. As the expanding agent boils, the beads soften and expand up to forty times their original size.The expanded beads are left to cool down before being heated again. However, this time the beads are expanded within a mold.The molds are designed in a variety of  shapes  depending on the desired end product.  Examples are things such as styrofoam  cups, cartons, wig stands and more.The beads completely fill the mold and also fuse together.Styrofoam is about 98% percent air.