Us Immigration History

Terms United Irishmen- were chafe by British, support French novelty US supported Britain against the French warf ar Brides act Servicemen could bring their spouses from foreign reachs into the U. S. (non-quota im un coloniseds) 1980 Refugee Policy-Central Ameri keisters (Salvadorians and Guatemalans) came at a lower place this policy speckle opposites were plan of attack in as non refugees. in-migration actualise better and subordination serve (I. R. C. A)-does 3 issues Raises the in-migration crown for the whole world. More slots to distri thoe Grants acquittal to unregistered residents that could prove that they were make loveliness hither since 1982 Fined tidy sum who employed undocumented spielersForced Repatriation- in 1934, Mexican and citizens of the Philippines argon repatriated. Gentlemens Agreement- In 1907, an agreement was established between japan and US where lacquer would stop perseverance emigration and the US would limit immigrant appeas erictions against them (such as breaking segregation in schools in San Francisco). Happened after the Russo-Japanese war. Indentured Servitude Debt bondage that was utilise in the colonial bound in which wizard person would c e trulyplace the trip cost into the colonies and in return they would spring off the debt and upon completion would be pr unrivaled most(a) land. his was the major substance in which mountain got others to work the land for them and it was the arranging that was in place before slave disciplineing became popular. Assimilation- Basic eithery, con figity into the US culture. Migrant- someone who has move across one national boundary Emigration- wants to re require a place where they came from i. e. impertinent England, in the raw York, parvenu Mexico, New Spain, New Amsterdam Sojourners- someone who serves to America without the goal of staying here. In other words they come to make dough, but then leave. Italians and Greeks.Ravensteins Law- lon g migration occurs into urban atomic number 18as, Rural d healthyers be more(prenominal) migratory than urban d hygienicers, migration is more often than non due to economic reasons Transnationalism- Primarily focuses on ex neuters, connections and practices across borders. It as if be neither here nor in that location since a migrant lives a multi sited life where ex assortments and interactions across borders are a regular part migrants realities and activities- Ex. Immigrants from Mexico can be sustainment in the U. S but nourish continuous connections with their families in Mexico.League of Nations- Internal Security cloak- In 1950, this gave the president power to incarcerate persons in peacetime. It employ to citizens as well as aliens. It was passed all everyplace President Trumans veto. It excessively mandatory communists to register with the government. 1940 Smith toy- set penalties for advocating the weaken of the U. S. government. Required all non-citiz en adults to register with the government. Visas could be refused to those deemed a danger to earth safety. This was enjoin at Nazi sympathizers and radicals. 986 in-migration Reform and Control Act (IRCA)- Raised the in-migration ceiling to 540,000 a year. It likewise act to deal with immigrants already impersonate, granting amnesty for unaccredited immigrants who could prove they had resided in the U. S. since a received date. It similarly included stiff sanctions for employers of undocumented immigrants such as charging them fines. It was not productive due to a strong dig demand and lack of enforcement. greet nought Party- Nativist root active in the mid 19th century. They were concerned with policy-making corruption and immigrant involvement in semipolitical political machines.Rather than jutking to inhabitrict immigration, the Know nonentity Party cherished to make it more difficult for immigrants to naturalize or hold gamy offices. They proposed a fata lity of a 21 year period for naturalization. They were also anti-Catholic. LPC- in all likelihood to father a public charge. Clause of the Immigration Act of 1882 (transmuted in 1892). Aspect of nativism. Originally utilise to persons who were obviously unable and/or flimsy to be able to support themselves. During the colossal Depression it was interpreted more strictly. 1917 Immigration Act- Passed over President Wilsons veto.Required a literacy test for admission. This tightened restrictions on radicals. It also cleard the Asian Barred Zone (everything except the Philippines and Japan) from which immigration is blockaded. It reflected fears as well as the blood of the U. S. to other nations/foreign policy. Foraker Act 1900- under(a) this act, Puerto Ricans were nationals, not U. S. citizens like contemporary FIlipinos. Immigration Restriction League- Formed in 1894 by a free radical of young Harvard graduates. It became the virtually influential single pressure group ar guing for a funda psychical change in American immigration policy.According to one of its founders, Prescott F. Hall, the head teacher for Americans to decide was whether they wanted their clownish to be slewd by British, German and Scandinavian stock, historically allow, energetic, progressive, or by Slav, Latin, and Asiatic expedites referring to Jews rather than Chinese or Japanese historically bucktrodden, atavistic and stagnant. The unite and its chief political spokesman, Henry Cabot shoot pushed for literacy tests as the best way to modify the quality of the incoming immigrants. Agricultural grok Relations Act- 1975 calcium.Established embodied bargaining for farmworkers. This helped value the rights of employees. 1921 Quota Act- particular(a) one-year immigration to 3% of foreign born of each nationality in the US in the year 1910. It oblige an annual ceiling of 350,000 quota admissions 55% from blue and westbound Europe, 45% from other countries (n early(a) all Southern and easterly European). It introduced new collective measures to allow non-quota or unlimited admissions of neighboring(a) relatives of US citizens and immigrants from the horse opera cerebral hemisphere. 924 Johnson Reed Act (Second Quota Act) Limited immigration further, to 2% of the bet of each nationality group who lived in the US in 1890. It lowered the total annual ceiling of quota immigrants to 165,000, increased the share of Yankee and Western European potential immigrants to 86% (142,000), and change magnitude the share from Southern and Eastern Europe to 11% (18,000). It veto Asian immigration entirely (effective for Japanese and for foreign born wives and children of US citizens of Chinese ancestry).Filipinos could static come outside the quota placement because they were American nationals. 1934 Philippines Independence Act- Provided for Philippines liberty on July 4, 1946. Filipinos lost their status as US nationals and were restricted to a relic quota of 50 per year. 1942 Executive Order 9066- Issued by President Franklin Roosevelt. It authorized the US multitude to imprison 120,000 Japanese Americans, two-thirds of them US citizens and the rest ineligible for citizenship on racial grounds. 1942-64 Bracero Program- for Mexican excavateers outside usual immigration controls.It was due to a labor shortfall during WWII. down the stairs the program, the US guaranteed that Mexican workers would receive undertake minimum wages and certain living and working conditions, although some complaints were filed against employers who did not amass those standards. The WWII program had nigh 200,000 braceros in the US. Its inflorescence year was 1959 when 450,000 braceros entered. It was an important landmark in the history of Latin American migration to the US. The pattern was that Mexicans would be temporary workers or thickening workers.While many returned home, many others became fixed residents. 1952 McCarran-Walter Act- passed over President Trumans veto, reaffirming the national origins quota system and setting the total annual immigration limit to one-sixth of one part of the population of the continental US in 1920. It exempted spouses and children of US citizens and people born in the Western Hemisphere from quotas. It also created a system of orientations indoors the quotas for persons with needed ocloving cupations. It cease racial limits to immigration and naturalization, giving Japan a token quota of 100. 954 Operation wetback- It removed one million Mexican immigrants from the Southwest amid numerous civil rights violations. It was staged by the INS, who reported that it had deported or expelled 3. 8 million Mexicans. 1965 Hart-Cellar act- abolished the national origins quota system. It created an Eastern Hemisphere system of equal visa limits per untaught of 20,000 annually. It set the runner limits on Western Hemisphere immigration. The hold total limited admissions to 290,000 p er year 170,000 from the Eastern Hemisphere and 120,000 from the Western Hemisphere.It also established an admission screen out not subject to limitation. It revised the occupation-first, family-reunion-second preference system to put family reunion first and occupations second. AIPAC- American Israel Public Affairs Committee, organise in 1963. This was an effective pro-Israel lobby. They established a close relationship with both parties in the US. United Irish- Mainly middle tell apart Protestants. They wanted an end to British line up/aristocracy. They were strong believers in the French Revolution. Repatriation- direct someone back to their country of origin.The strained repatriation of Mexicans and Filipinos occurred in 1934. Angel Island- An island located in the San Francisco Bay. It was used as an immigration institutionalise from 1910-1940. Due to the Chinese censure Act of 1882, many Chinese were interrogated and detained on the island, some for years. Triangle Shir t-Waist Factory- This was a shop be to Eastern European Jews in New York City. A fire occurred in 1911, in which 146 workers, al almost all young women, were burnt-out to death or died leaping from high windows. This reflected the subpar conditions of many positionories.It helped lead to the relatively early organization of garment workers in unions. AFL/CIO- American Federation of Labor. It was a union group founded in 1886. Mostly Irish men. create almost exclusively among expert workers. In 1955 the AFL merged with Congress of Industrial Organizations to form the AFL-CIO. Puerto anti-racketeering law + Gonzales Case-Isabel Gonzales run shorted to New York from Puerto anti-racketeering law where she was detained as an alien immigrant. January of 1904, the court govern that under immigration law Gonzales was not a alien therefore could not be denied entry. The court even declined to sound out if she was a U. S. citizen.The importance of this case is the question if habitants of new island territories of the U. S. were considered citizens. Their citizenship remained ambiguous and Puerto Rican became cognize as non citizen nationals Immigration Act 1882-LPC Clause- Page Law- 1875, barred entry to Chinese and Japanese prostitutes, felons, and crusade laborers. Spanish American state of war (1898)- Puerto Rico was annexed by the US in the event of the war. Cuba was also liberated from Spain on with Philippines. little(a) Italy Chinatown Federal Immigration Law 1891- decree that showed concern for both the physical and mental condition of prospective immigrants.It barred the immigration of all idiots, disturbed persons, paupers or persons likely to become a public charge, persons execrable from a implike or hereditary disease, persons who have been convicted of a felony or other infamous nuisance or violation involving moral degeneracy, and polygamists. Mexican Immigration industrialisation/ Urbanization- early 1800s-early 1900s. These were gr eat changes in this century. multitude moved from the country to the city. Nativism- anti-immigrant performance. It occurred in 3 phases anti-Catholic 1830s-1850s, anti-Asian1870s-mid 1900s, and anti-all immigrants1880s-? .Nativist attitudes have always been pre move. The Chinese exception Act of 1882 and Immigration Act of 1924 are examples of nativist influence on immigration policy. Ethnicity vs. Race- League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC)- Mexican American civil rights organization. Founded in the 1920s. Thind vs US- U. S. Supreme Court case in which the decision finding was that no person of East Indian origin could become a naturalized American. (1923) British rider Acts- attempted to deflect immigration from the British Isles to Canada rather than the US by make it much more expensive to travel to the latter.Canada bound ships were more easily tender and convenient for Irish immigrants. Great dearth 1846-a period of starvation and disease from 1845-1852. eve rywhere 1 million people died and a drastic number migrated elsewhere. the famine created a diaspora as Irelands population decreased by as much as 25%. the cause of the famine was a potato disease known as potato blight. Manifest Destiny 1839- desire that the US should expand its influence. This ideology resulted in more aggressive land grabbing and in the homestead act that gave people land for free as long as they improved the land. n other move of the world, it led to colonization of the philippines via the Spanish-American War and to the cellular inclusion of Texas via the Mexican American War. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo- 1848 agreement at the end of the Mexican-American War that make Mexico support the US as well as giving up the south-west states (California, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Colorado). the treaty had included a right to order Mexicans American Citizenship if they were at bottom the lost territories but that was never enacted. immaterial Miners Tax 1850- This was a tax on gold that forced Chinese to recompense 3 dollars a month when they were simply making approximately six.If an immigrant couldnt pay the tax, the tax collectors were allowed to take possessions equalling the meter owed, however most tax collectors took advantage of the feature that foreigners did not s stage english well, and over taxed them. Texas Independence 1836- Cultural Pluralism- the preservation of ones culture even within another society. This term applies to Chinatown and Little Italy. Pueblo come down 1680- Century of Migration- 1830s-1920s we are a nation of immigrants. During this time over 50 million immigrants came to the US leaving single 1. 7% of the population of Native people. i enrolled in this class about immigration nd learned about coming to the us nation the Chinese were loathed, the Italians were debated dapple the Irish came early and became integrated the Irish were in politics and became racist dicks the chinese worked for small fees which is wherefore the white men wanted them to fly the coop while italians came, in order to tamper the game, but living in the US was not their aim. thats my song on immigration. seeks 4. save up an essay discussing the significance of nativism in US history. What were the forces giving rise to nativism at antithetic moments in history and how did nativism affect immigrants and American society and politics more broadly? Nativist attitudes have always been present in American society. Nativism, or anti-immigrant activity influenced the treatment of immigrants as well as legislation. It occurred in 3 phases anti-Catholic 1830s-1850s, anti-Asian 1870s-mid 1900s, and anti-all immigrants 1880s-mid 1900s. Generally nativism has been more prevalent during times when Americans have been divided up and lacking confidence in the future. Influxes of immigrants have contributed it nativism as well. Nativism also rose during war when immigrants loyalty was questioned. nti-C atholic Relatively large verse of Irish and German Catholic immigrants, many of them desperately poor, began to arrive in the deep 1820s and early 1830s. The costs of maintaining the poor were mounting. With development Irish and German Catholic immigration, Catholics and universality were seen as an internal threat of republican principles and of the republic itself. In eastern cities this thinking often turned violent. Much of this power was directed at convents and churches. 1840s and 50s the Know cipher Party emerged, calling for a change in naturalization laws.They proposed a 21 year period for naturalization and wanted to bar immigrants from holding any but minor local offices. Nativism grew in the pre-Civil War years because there was uncertainty about the future of the nation. Some matte Catholics contributed to annoyance and radicalism. During the Depression there was competition for labor. anti-Asian 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act suspended the immigration of laborers. T his was to promote the interests of white workingmen in California and elsewhere in the West who see competition with Chinese laborers.Racial prejudice was also a large factor. Japan and the mankinds Agreement, Executive Order during WWII. anti-all immigrantsfrom the end of the 19th century into the beginning of the twentieth there was a large immigrant population. an 1891 regulation barred the immigration of all idiots, insane persons, paupers, or persons likely to become a public charge, persons suffering from a loathsome or contagious disease, persons who have been convicted of a felony or other infamous crime or misdemeanor involving moral turpitude or polygamists.Many Americans at that time felt their way of life was threatened by the immigrant invasion. 1924 Quota prop 187 stopped musical accompaniment unregistered citizens, however it was ruled unconstitutional. people were afraid that immigrants were coming for a free ride, but really most immigrants were coming for job s. Was a key legislative piece in the development of akin propositions in other states that have since barred access to immigrants. recession and depression drive nativist movements. Nativism was affected by immigrants in many ways. The main reason i can think of is fiscal reasons.Many immigrants came to the US and took jobs absent from those already established. Most immigrants were also willing to work for cheaper wages which would create an anti-immigrant beguile. Irish were willing to do the strenuous dirty work for cheap wages. Chinese were willing to do jobs for wages slight than the people already doing there jobs. This along with other issues like lack of assimilation. populate who immigrated and chose not to assimilate excluded themselves from the US community. Essay 1 Racialization is the act of classifying a group of people as a race when they were not previously viewed this way.These groups include, but are not limited to Jews, Chinese, Irish, Germans, Scandanavia ns, more particular(prenominal)ally, Swedes, Norwegians, and Danes, Italians, Greeks, Armenians, Poles, and Hungarians. The way i see it, or else of classifying these groups as Asian, European, or Middle Eastern, they are viewed on a much more particular proposition level, targeting the exact area they originated from. Now that there is a brief background on what racialization is, we will smelling at unique(predicate) examples of where racialization was seen. The first place racialization was unmingled was in labor.To begin, the Irish were classified as strenuous working immigrants. The Irish seemed to always be stuck with the monotonous jobs such as jab trenches, or building sky scrapers. They were considered unenviable working people who would work from sunshine up to sun down and give 100%. In the early 1900s the Irish dominated the bungled labor section. Another racialized group was the Chinese people. Chinese people came to the Western US and brought skilled and unskil led labor. The Chinese were willing to work for low wages and were able to live on a less amount of necessities than their rival workers.The next place where racialization was blatantly evident was in communities. To begin with, Italians came to the US and remained in tightly knit Italian communities, choosing not to assimilate. Jews also came and although they did not inevitably create their own communities, their presence was evident in whatever community they lived in, and instead of being viewed as white, middle eastern, or whatever general class they may have fallen into, they were seen specifically as Jews. Chinese influence also had a huge percentage in the trigger of Chinatown on the west coast in San Francisco.Chinatown was formed in 1850 and had a very tight community, however, it was also a tourer attraction. Many groups went from a general motley to a specific region they were known for coming from. The word that i hate to use but must is stereotypical. Racializati on was a stereotype placed on specific races and it created almost an impermeable barrier to the rest of the nation once that stereotype had been placed upon a race. Irish were expected to be involved in politics, or unskilled labor. Chinese were expected to live in Chinese communities and work at a dry cleaning shop or in the mines, searching for old. Racialization was almost an anti-assimilation view as it seemed to prohibit naturalization in the US. It classified races to specific groups, and in some cases, if these groups became too powerful, the government would strike them down as seen in the Chinese Exclusion Act. Racialization played a huge role in keeping records of immigrants, as well as, creating immigration policies meant to target certain immigrant groups. abide by This essay can be fill up with a ton more endorse of basically any act or law passed to discriminate a race.The fact that races were viewed as such singular groups is what do them easy to prey upon. One t hing i didnt bring up was race in religion which, if that is your cup of tea, you might wanna elaborate on. Essay 2 The main forces behind immigration policy have always been around nativist interest i. e. Self interests of the American people. If we look a political party and two policies then dissect them, we can see the policies demonstrate self interest by the US. Bracero Program, operation wetback, know secret code party Bracero program-for Mexican laborers outside usual immigration controls.It was due to a labor shortage during WWII. US guaranteed that Mexican workers would receive qualify minimum wages and certain living and working conditions, although many complaints were filed against employers who did not garner those standards. The WWII program had about 200,000 braceros in the US. Its peak year was 1959 when 450,000 braceros entered. It was an important landmark in the history of Latin American migration to the US. The theory was that Mexicans would be temporary wo rkers or knob workers. While many returned home, many others became permanent residents.They welcomed the labor only because they could not create enough goods to feed the war machine so they opened up to mexico so that they could attain unskilled workers that could work in agriculture and factories to help the war while simply treating them as if they were going to be sojourners and nothing else. It was an economic move for them ab initio since the increased workers would bring back outturn levels and money. Operation Wetback- a wide immigration operation that was meant to send back a large quantity of immigrant workers mostly Mexican. By the end of it, over 3. million were sent back to their country of origin. This was a massive attempt to remove the mexican laborers that had settled starting in 1946. This occurred as more and more soldiers returned from the war and job version began to occur. At this point, with the steady flow of migration into the states, it no longer suit ed them to continue to bunk the Bracero program. It can be traced back to a nativist notion that the braceros were taking jobs away and with substantial numbers coming in that they created a threat to society. Know nothing Party- Nativist group active in the mid 19th century.They were concerned with political corruption and immigrant involvement in political machines. Rather than seeking to restrict immigration, the Know Nothing Party wanted to make it more difficult for immigrants to naturalize or hold high offices. They proposed a requirement of a 21 year period for naturalization. They were also anti-Catholic. This was largely meant to hold the Irish from corrupting the US way of life. The people disliked the Irish for being Catholic since they believed they would always be loyal to the pope and on top of this the Irish would do any job which some people would not even do.